What is the name of the process in which an atom loses or gains electrons to form an ion?

The correct answer is choice B.

Maintaining normal body temperature and blood pressure.

Early identification and management of potential organ donors must take into consideration specific pathophysiologic changes for medical optimization 1.

The VIPPS (ventilation, infusion and pumping, pharmacological treatment, and specificities) strategy is a mnemonic method that brings together key aspects of the restoration of oxygen delivery to tissues during hemodynamic instability plus organ optimization strategies.

Choice A is incorrect because administering antibiotics to prevent infection is not the most important intervention to preserve organ viability.

Choice C is incorrect because providing emotional support to family members, while important, is not an intervention that directly affects organ viability.

Choice D is incorrect because applying eye drops and ointment to prevent corneal drying is not the most important intervention to preserve organ viability.

The neuromuscular junction is a type of synapse where neuronal signals from the brain or spinal cord interact with skeletal muscle fibers, causing them to contract.

The activation of many muscle fibers together causes muscles to contract, which in turn can produce movement.

Choice B is incorrect because binding acetylcholine to nAChRs is a process that occurs at the neuromuscular junction, but it is not the function of the neuromuscular junction itself.

Choice C is incorrect because depolarizing the muscle cell membrane is a result of the function of the neuromuscular junction, but it is not the function itself.

Choice D is incorrect because activating voltage-gated sodium channels on the muscle membrane is a result of the function of the neuromuscular junction, but it is not the function itself.

In a well-designed experiment, all variables apart from the treatment should be kept constant between the control group and treatment group.

This means researchers can correctly measure the entire effect of the treatment without interference from confounding variables.

Choice B) Independent variable and dependent variable is incorrect because these are not groups but rather variables.

The independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters while the dependent variable is measured to see if it changes as a result of the manipulation.

Choice C) Experimental group and non-experimental group is incorrect because a non-experimental group is not a term used in experimental design.

The correct term for the group that does not receive the treatment is control group.

Choice D) High level and low level of the independent variable is incorrect because these are levels of the independent variable, not groups.

In an experiment, there can be multiple levels of the independent variable, but they are applied to different groups (e.g.

control group, treatment group).

The correct answer is choice A.

The spleen is an organ in the human body that is responsible for the removal of damaged red blood cells and the production of certain types of white blood cells.

Choice B is incorrect because the kidneys are responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating electrolyte balance.

Choice C is incorrect because the pancreas produces hormones and enzymes that aid in digestion.

Choice D is incorrect because the thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism.

The correct answer is choice A. Hydrogen bonds.

Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the unique properties of water and play a crucial role in the structure of DNA and proteins.

Hydrogen bonds are weak electrostatic attractions between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Choice B.

Covalent bonds is incorrect because covalent bonds are strong chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Choice C.

Ionic bonds is incorrect because ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions.

Choice D.

Van der Waals forces is incorrect because Van der Waals forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary dipoles induced in atoms or molecules.

Bacteria can perform photosynthesis while archaea cannot. Many types of bacteria can generate oxygen from sunlight through photosynthesis, while archaea cannot perform this process.

Choice A is incorrect because neither bacteria nor archaea have a true nucleus. Both are prokaryotic organisms. Choice B is incorrect because archaea reproduce by fission, fragmentation, or budding, while bacteria can produce spores and divide sexually or asexually. Choice D is incorrect because archaeal and bacterial flagella are constructed differently.

The normal flora refers to the microbial community that colonizes on the skin and mucus membrane .

Normal flora can be found in many sites of the human body including the skin, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and the digestive tract.

Choice B is incorrect because normal flora does not refer to a group of infectious parasites that cause diarrheal diseases .

Choice C is incorrect because normal flora does not refer to the genetic material of bacteria housed within a true nucleus .

Choice D is incorrect because normal flora does not refer to the protein coat surrounding the viral genome .

The correct answer is choice D.

Genes that regulate cell division can become oncogenes when mutated.

Oncogenes are mutated genes that can contribute to the development of cancer.

In their non-mutated state, everyone has genes which are referred to as proto- oncogenes.

When proto-oncogenes are mutated or increased in numbers due to DNA damage, the proteins produced by these genes can affect the growth, proliferation, and survival of the cell, and potentially result in the formation of a malignant tumor.

Choice A is incorrect because mutations in oncogenes do not always result in the inhibition of cell division.

Instead, they can contribute to the development of cancer by affecting cell growth.

Choice B is incorrect because oncogenes are not only found in human cells but can be present in other organisms as well.
Choice C is incorrect because genes that regulate cell division can be found in viruses.

The correct answer is choice A.

The superior vena cava is the largest vein in the human body that returns deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium of the heart.

Choice B is incorrect because the inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium of the heart.

Choice C is incorrect because the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Choice D is incorrect because the renal vein carries deoxygenated blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava.

Proximal tubule

The proximal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing all the nutrients and most of the water.

Choice A is incorrect because the distal tubule is not primarily responsible for reabsorbing ions, water and nutrients.

Choice C is incorrect because the glomerulus is responsible for filtering fluid and solutes out of the blood to form a glomerular filtrate.

Choice D is incorrect because the Loop of Henle is not primarily responsible for reabsorbing ions, water and nutrients.