In a phase diagram, which of the following is the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously?

 

 

Diffusion down a concentration gradient causes most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to move into the alveoli.

The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration and is carried by the blood to the lungs to be exhaled.

In the lungs, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood (where its concentration is high) into the alveoli (where its concentration is lower) down its concentration gradient.

Choice A is incorrect because carbon dioxide is not converted to carbon monoxide in the body.

Choice C is incorrect because passive transport using carrier proteins is not the primary mechanism by which carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli.

Choice D is incorrect because active transport using energy is not involved in the movement of carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli.

Electrophoresis is the most useful laboratory method for separating genomic DNA fragments by size.

Electrophoresis is a technique that uses an electric field to separate charged molecules, such as DNA fragments, based on their size and charge.

Choice A is not correct because titration is a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a solution.

Choice C is not correct because filtration is a laboratory method used to separate solids from liquids.

Choice D is not correct because spectrophotometry is a laboratory method used to measure the absorbance of light by a solution.

Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects.

The data in the table shows that as the number of filters (and therefore the mass) increases, the terminal velocity also increases.

This means that the heavier objects (with more filters) are falling faster than the lighter objects (with fewer filters).

Choice A is not supported by the data in the table as much as it is true.

Terminal velocity is indeed when the force of gravity is equal to air resistance, but this definition does not provide any information about the relationship between mass and terminal velocity.

Choice B is also not supported by the data in the table.

The data does not provide any information about the time it takes for an object to reach terminal velocity.

Choice D is not supported by the data in the table.

The data shows that as the number of filters increases, the terminal velocity also increases.

This means that the greater the number of filters, the greater (not smaller) the terminal velocity.

The pleura is a double-layered serous membrane that covers each lung and lines the thoracic cage

The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory tract.

Its role is to cushion the lung and reduce any friction that may develop between the lung, rib cage, and chest cavity.

Each pleura (there are two) consists of a two-layered membrane that covers each lung.

The layers are separated by a small amount of viscous (thick) lubricant known as pleural fluid.

The pleura is comprised of two distinct layers: the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura.

The visceral pleura is the thin, slippery membrane that covers the surface of the lungs and dips into the areas separating the different lobes of the lungs (called the hilum).

The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that synthesizes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin.

ADH is then transported to the posterior pituitary gland via neurohypophysial capillaries, where it is stored until it is ready to be secreted into the circulation.

Choice A.

Pineal gland is not correct because it is a small endocrine gland located in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, but it does not synthesize ADH.

Choice B.

Thymus is not correct because it is a gland located in the chest that produces hormones involved in immune system development, but it does not synthesize ADH.

Choice D.

Pancreas is not correct because it is a gland located behind the stomach that secretes hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels, but it does not synthesize ADH.

Other scientists can validate or disprove the findings.

It is important for new scientific findings to be published so that other scientists can review the research and either validate or disprove the findings.

This process of peer-review helps to ensure the accuracy and reliability of scientific research.

Choice A.

Scientists will get paid if their findings are published is not correct because while some scientists may receive funding or grants for their research, the primary goal of publishing scientific findings is not for financial gain.

Choice B.

Publishing findings will help scientists become more biased is not correct because the goal of publishing scientific findings is to share information and promote transparency, not to promote bias.

Choice D.

This prevents other scientists from performing similar tests is not correct because publishing scientific findings allows other scientists to build upon the research and perform further tests to validate or disprove the findings.

Testosterone is classified as an androgen hormone.

Androgens are a type of sex hormone that primarily regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics, such as body hair growth, muscle mass, and deepening of the voice.

Testosterone is produced primarily in the testes in males and in smaller amounts in the ovaries and adrenal glands in females.

Option A, estrogen, is a female hormone that regulates the development of female sexual characteristics, such as breast growth and menstruation.

While estrogen and testosterone are both steroid hormones and can be converted to one another in the body, testosterone is not categorized as estrogen.

Option B, progestin, is a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone.

Progesterone is a female hormone that plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Testosterone and progestin are not related, and testosterone is not categorized as progestin.

Option C, aldosterone, is a mineralocorticoid hormone that regulates salt and water balance in the body.

It is produced in the adrenal gland and plays a role in regulating blood pressure.

Testosterone and aldosterone are not related, and testosterone is not categorized as aldosterone.

The two major parts of the nervous system are the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord and acts as the integration and command center of the body.

The PNS represents the conduit between the CNS and the body and is further subdivided into the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

Choice A is incorrect because it only mentions two subdivisions of the PNS, which are the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS).

Choice B is incorrect because it only mentions one major part of the nervous system, which is the PNS, and one subdivision of it, which is the SNS.

Choice D is incorrect because it only mentions one major part of the nervous system, which is the CNS, and one subdivision of the PNS, which is the ANS.

Viruses.

Viruses lack essential machinery needed to reproduce by themselves.

In fact, viruses can only reproduce after infecting a living cell - a process called viral replication.

Once inside a living cell, viruses re-program the cell’s machinery to produce viral proteins and genetic material to make new copies of themselves.

Choice A, Bacteria, is not the correct answer because bacteria have their own metabolic pathways and can reproduce outside of a host cell.

Choice B, Protozoa, is also not the correct answer because protozoa are singlecelled eukaryotes that have their own metabolic pathways and can reproduce outside of a host cell.

Choice C, Helminths, is not the correct answer because helminths are multicellular parasitic worms that have their own metabolic pathways and can reproduce outside of a host cell.

As a solid turns to a liquid, the particles become less ordered and more free to move around.

Choice B is not correct because particles have an increase in mobility as a solid turns to a liquid.

Choice C is not correct because particles move further apart as a solid turns to a liquid.

Choice D is not correct because intermolecular forces between particles become weaker as a solid turns to a liquid.