Hedy Lamarr, the Inventor

Hedy Lamarr was a woman of many talents. She was first known as a European film actress in the 1930s. She began starring in American films with MGM Studios in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Some of her more popular films included Boom Town (1940) and White Cargo (1942); however, her roles generally did not include very many spoken lines and she became bored. To relieve this boredom, Lamarr took up inventing.

Hedy Lamarr did not have any formal training, but she did not allow that to stop her from teaching herself in her spare time. Although she had a number of failed inventions, such as an improved traffic light and a carbonated drink, Lamarr did not stop coming up with ideas. She even spent time working with the science engineering team employed by Howard Hughes, the aviation tycoon.

During World War I, Lamarr learned that one of the military's new technologies, radio-controlled torpedoes, were too easily jammed and redirected. She came up with a type of radio signal that changed, or "hopped, frequencies and was unable to be tracked or disrupted. With the assistance of her friend George Anthell, she was able to design the system and patent it in August 1942.

Unfortunately, the United States Navy was not interested. The technology of the era wasn't quite good enough to easily implement Lamarr's system, and the Navy was not particularly interested in civilian inventions at the time. It wasn't until 20 years later, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, that a version of Lamarr's system began appearing on Navy ships.

The work Lamarr and Antheil did creating this frequency-hopping system led to many technologies that are often taken for granted today. Their work led to the development of cell phones, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. Just think, we might not have any of those things if Hedy Lamarr had been given more interesting roles.

Which of the following lines from the passage supports the inference that Hedy Lamarr worked earnestly to achieve her goals?

Shia looked up from his monitor, rubbed his eyes, and stared down the dark hallway toward the CFO's office. He was certain a sound had come from behind the closed door. It was a heavy thump, like someone had dropped a bowling ball.

There shouldn't be anyone else here at this hour, Shia thought to himself as he looked at his watch. The only illumination came from Shia's computer monitor. His office was on the thirtieth floor, far too high to get much more than a faint glow from the street lights below. Shia slowly stood up before reaching down to turn off the computer screen, hoping to hide in the darkness. He considered turning on his phone's flashlight, but his thoughts were cut short by a loud crash followed by the unmistakable tinkling of shattered glass.

She froze, as if he were caught by the gaze of Medusa. The initial doubt that he would actually find someone snooping around the CFO's office had turned to an icy fear that gripped his lungs and would not let him breathe. His heart was pounding loudly in his ears; he knew whoever was in his boss's office must be able to hear it.

Another crash, followed by a loud howl that he was sure couldn't be human, shocked Shia into motion. He broke into a run... in the opposite direction. He sprinted for the emergency stairwell and rushed downward, jumping over the last few steps of each fight. Shia didn't stop running and he had burst through the ground floor exit to the parking garage and found his car, His heart continued racing until he was at home in bed. He sent his boss a single text message before turning over and trying to force himself to sleep, "Don't think I can work late anymore"

Which of the following contains only key points of the passage?

Napping Across Time

Napping, a practice that weaves through the tapestry of history and culture, offers a fascinating insight into human rhythms and societal norms. Delving into the annals of time, we find ancient civilizations like the Romans embracing the afternoon "sexta," a brief slumber to restore vitality. In more recent times, the Spanish siesta carved out a sacred space in the day for rest, while the Japanese inemuri, translating to "sleeping while present," became an emblem of commitment to work.

The allure of napping knows no bounds—across continents and eras, cultures recognize the value of this midday interlude. From Mediterranean countries to the heart of Asia, napping is not merely a break; it's an art form deeply ingrained in the fabric of daily life. It's a moment to escape the relentless pace, to recalibrate the senses, and to rejuvenate the mind.

Which of the following additional pieces of information supports the claim that napping during the workday will help employees "be happier, healthier, and more productive"?

Shia looked up from his monitor, rubbed his eyes, and stared down the dark hallway toward the CFO's office. He was certain a sound had come from behind the closed door. It was a heavy thump, like someone had dropped a bowling ball.

There shouldn't be anyone else here at this hour, Shia thought to himself as he looked at his watch. The only illumination came from Shia's computer monitor. His office was on the thirtieth floor, far too high to get much more than a faint glow from the street lights below. Shia slowly stood up before reaching down to turn off the computer screen, hoping to hide in the darkness. He considered turning on his phone's flashlight, but his thoughts were cut short by a loud crash followed by the unmistakable tinkling of shattered glass.

She froze, as if he were caught by the gaze of Medusa. The initial doubt that he would actually find someone snooping around the CFO's office had turned to an icy fear that gripped his lungs and would not let him breathe. His heart was pounding loudly in his ears; he knew whoever was in his boss's office must be able to hear it.

Another crash, followed by a loud howl that he was sure couldn't be human, shocked She’s into motion, He broke into a run... in the opposite direction. He sprinted for the emergency stairwell and rushed downward, jumping over the last few steps of each fight. Shia didn't stop running and he had burst through the ground floor exit to the parking garage and found his car, His heart continued racing until he was at home in bed. He sent his boss a single text message before turning over and trying to force himself to sleep, don't think I can work late anymore"

Which of the following sentences from the passage supports the conclusion that the passage takes place in the 21st century?

Research shows that tipping in a restaurant has little to no effect on service. What tipping does do is enable restaurateurs to pay less than the federal minimum wage to servers and depend on customers to make up the difference between servers' salaries and the minimum wage. The U.S. federal minimum wage for servers is $2.13 per hour. Although minimum wage varies from state to state, it is safe to say that customers are paying the lion's share of servers' salaries. This practice leads to resentment on the part of customers, and it devalues servers. It's time to abolish tipping and pay employees a living wage. The result may well be happy servers who provide excellent service to grateful customers.

Which of the following is evidence the writer provides to support the main argument?

Shia looked up from his monitor, rubbed his eyes, and stared down the dark hallway toward the CFO's office. He was certain a sound had come from behind the closed door. It was a heavy thump, like someone had dropped a bowling ball.

There shouldn't be anyone else here at this hour, Shia thought to himself as he looked at his watch. The only illumination came from Shia's computer monitor. His office was on the thirtieth floor, far too high to get much more than a faint glow from the street lights below. Shia slowly stood up before reaching down to turn off the computer screen, hoping to hide in the darkness. He considered turning on his phone's flashlight, but his thoughts were cut short by a loud crash followed by the unmistakable tinkling of shattered glass.

She froze, as if he were caught by the gaze of Medusa. The initial doubt that he would actually find someone snooping around the CFO's office had turned to an icy fear that gripped his lungs and would not let him breathe. His heart was pounding loudly in his ears; he knew whoever was in his boss's office must be able to hear it.

Another crash, followed by a loud howl that he was sure couldn't be human, shocked She’s into motion, He broke into a run... in the opposite direction. He sprinted for the emergency stairwell and rushed downward, jumping over the last few steps of each fight. Shia didn't stop running and he had burst through the ground floor exit to the parking garage and found his car, His heart continued racing until he was at home in bed. He sent his boss a single text message before turning over and trying to force himself to sleep, don't think I can work late anymore"

Which of the following is the tone of the passage?

Research shows that tipping in a restaurant has little to no effect on service. What tipping does do is enable restaurateurs to pay less than the federal minimum wage to servers and depend on customers to make up the difference between servers' salaries and the minimum wage. The U.S. federal minimum wage for servers is $2.13 per hour. Although minimum wage varies from state to state, it is safe to say that customers are paying the lion's share of servers' salaries. This practice leads to resentment on the part of customers, and it devalues servers. It's time to abolish tipping and pay employees a living wage. The result may well be happy servers who provide excellent service to grateful customers.

Which of the following is the writer's main argument?

Lexington and Concord

The majority of history scholars agree that the open warfare portion of the American War for Independence began in two small Massachusetts towns: Lexington and Concord. To stop the British from discovering military supplies hidden in Concord, the American Minutemen attempted to stall or halt the British Regulars in Lexington Common.

While the opposing factions were facing off against one another, a shot was fired from an unknown source, causing hostilities to break into violence. After the skirmish at Lexington settled, multiple people from both sides lay dead and the British continued their way toward Concord.

Which of the following is the purpose of the passage?

Sometimes, your playful pooch might give a little nip to your hand or something else that shouldn't be bitten. To stop bad biting behaviors, you should attempt to redirect your dog's attention to an appropriate chew toy. You can do this by placing the toy in their mouth and praising them, causing your canine companion to associate chewing on the chew toy with positive emotions. Another step you can take to redirect biting behavior is to use biting deterrent spray. The spray can be homemade or store-bought. Just make sure that the ingredients won't make your puppy's tummy sick!

Which of the following terms identifies the author's tone in the passage?

Which of the following supports an evaluation of a logical argument?

Which of the following resources would help a reader gather information about economic trade during World War I?