Which of the following processes causes most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to move into the alveoli?

a. Water boils to produce steam at 100°C - This is a phase change (from liquid to gas) and not a chemical reaction of water.

b. Water dissolves sugar - This is a physical change, not a chemical reaction of water.

c. Water produces gas with sodium metal - This reaction involves the chemical reaction of water with sodium metal to produce hydrogen gas.

d. Water and oil separate when combined - This is a physical separation, not a chemical reaction of water.

Rationale

Atoms are the smallest and most basic units of matter, and they can combine to form molecules. Cells are the basic units of life, and they are made of molecules. Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function, such as muscle tissue or nerve tissue. Organs are collections of tissues that form a larger structure.

Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube and not in the ovary, uterus, or cervical canal.

The hip joint is an example of a ball-and-socket joint. The hip joint is formed by the articulation of the head of the femur with the acetabulum of the pelvis. The rounded head of the femur (ball) fits into the cup-shaped acetabulum (socket), allowing for a wide range of motion in multiple planes.

Rationale

Chromatin refers to a complex of DNA and proteins in human cells. This material is packaged by histones to make up the chromosomes. The chromosomes then contain genetic information that is heritable.

Helper T cells are important cells that stimulate the action of other immune cells. For instance, they not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.

The endocardium lines the interior structures of the heart. It is a thin, innermost layer of the heart wall that lines the heart chambers and valves. It is composed of subendocardial connective tissue and endothelial cells that are continuous with blood vessel endothelium.

The complementary strand of DNA is formed by pairing complementary bases. In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). Additionally, RNA uses uracil (U) instead of thymine.

Given the sequence 5' AGCTAGCGT 3', the complementary strand would read:

3' TCGATCGCA 5'

This means that a hypothesis is considered valid until it is disproved by experimental evidence. However, even if a hypothesis has not been falsified, it is still considered provisional and subject to further testing and scrutiny.

From the heart, blood flows through major arteries, which then branch to give rise to arterioles, which then divide into capillaries that deliver blood to the target organ.