Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Cell membrane
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplasts
Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer : A
The cell membrane is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells and separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment.
It is composed of a lipid bilayer and regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Choice B is incorrect because the Golgi apparatus is not present in prokaryotic cells.
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to other parts of the cell or to be secreted outside the cell.
Choice C is incorrect because chloroplasts are not present in prokaryotic cells.
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some algae that are responsible for photosynthesis.
Choice D is incorrect because the endoplasmic reticulum is not present in prokaryotic cells.
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The corpus luteum is a structure that develops in the ovary after an egg has been released.
It secretes the hormone progesterone, which prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg to implant and helps maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy1.
Choice A.
Umbilical cord is not correct because it is a structure that connects the developing fetus to the placenta and provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, but does not secrete hormones.
Choice C.
Oviduct is not correct because it is a tube that transports eggs from the ovary to the uterus, but does not secrete hormones.
Choice D.
Oocyte is not correct because it is an immature egg cell, but does not secrete hormones.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The pulmonary veins are the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Choice A is not correct because the superior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart.
Choice B is not correct because the inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium of the heart.
Choice C is not correct because the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Ovulation is the process in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg.
During ovulation, a mature egg is released from the female ovary, enabling it to be fertilized by male sperm cells 1.
Choice A is incorrect because menstruation is the process of shedding the uterine lining, which occurs when an egg is not fertilized.
Choice B is incorrect because fertilization is the process of a sperm cell joining with an egg cell to form a zygote.
Choice D is incorrect because oogenesis is the process of forming female gametes (eggs) in the ovaries.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element.
Since lithium has an atomic number of 3, it has 3 protons in its nucleus.
Choice A is not correct because 7 is the mass number of lithium, not the number of protons.
Choice C is not correct because 12 is not the atomic number or mass number of lithium.
Choice D is not correct because 4 is not the atomic number or mass number of lithium.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Melanin.
Melanin is a pigment produced by cells called melanocytes in the skin.
It protects the skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing and dissipating over 99.9% of absorbed UV radiation.
This helps to prevent DNA damage and other adverse effects of UV radiation on the skin.
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Choice B.
Perspiration is not correct because it is a fluid produced by sweat glands in the skin that helps to regulate body temperature, but it does not protect the skin from UV radiation.
Choice C.
Sebum is not correct because it is an oily substance produced by sebaceous glands in the skin that helps to lubricate and protect the skin, but it does not protect the skin from UV radiation.
Choice D.
Keratin is not correct because it is a fibrous protein that provides strength and durability to the skin, hair and nails, but it does not protect the skin from UV radiation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Reverse transcriptase, an enzyme encoded by the virus.
Reverse transcriptase is a virus-specific enzyme that transcribes an RNA template to DNA1.
This allows the AIDS virus, which contains RNA, to insert viral DNA into the DNA of a host cell after the AIDS virus enters the cell.
Choice A, The phospholipids found on the envelope of the virus, is not the correct answer because phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes and do not play a direct role in inserting viral DNA into the DNA of a host cell.
Choice C, Receptor proteins located on the surface of the virus, is not the correct answer because receptor proteins located on the surface of the virus play a role in attachment and fusion of HIV virons to host cells, but do not play a direct role in inserting viral DNA into the DNA of a host cell.
Choice D, The protein that makes up the capsid of the virus, is not the correct answer because capsid is the outer protein shell of a virus and does not play a direct role in inserting viral DNA into the DNA of a host cell.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Microtubule organization.
Centrosomes are organelles that serve as the main microtubule-organizing centers for animal cells.
They regulate the movement of microtubules and other cytoskeletal structures, thereby facilitating changes in the shapes of the membranes of animal cells.
Choice A, Organelle trafficking, is not the correct answer because while centrosomes do play a role in intracellular trafficking during interphase by organizing an astral ray of microtubules, their main function is microtubule organization.
Choice B, Pathogen digestion, is not the correct answer because centrosomes do not play a direct role in pathogen digestion.
Choice C, Cytoplasm formation, is not the correct answer because centrosomes do not play a direct role in cytoplasm formation.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses.
When viruses cause an infection, they spread their DNA, affecting healthy cells’ genetic makeup and potentially causing them to turn into cancer.
For instance, HPV infections cause the virus’ DNA to combine with the host’s DNA, disrupting the normal function of cells.
Choice A is not correct because cancerous and normal cells sharing genetic sequences does not support the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer.
Choice B is not correct because cellular DNA having sequences related to viral sequences does not support the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer.
Choice C is not correct because viruses and cancer cells both replicating rapidly does not support the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that synthesizes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin.
ADH is then transported to the posterior pituitary gland via neurohypophysial capillaries, where it is stored until it is ready to be secreted into the circulation.
Choice A.
Pineal gland is not correct because it is a small endocrine gland located in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, but it does not synthesize ADH.
Choice B.
Thymus is not correct because it is a gland located in the chest that produces hormones involved in immune system development, but it does not synthesize ADH.
Choice D.
Pancreas is not correct because it is a gland located behind the stomach that secretes hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels, but it does not synthesize ADH.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A myocardial infarction affects the coronary blood vessels of the heart.
A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle 1.
Choice B is incorrect because the aorta is not a blood vessel of the heart.
The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Choice C is incorrect because the pulmonary blood vessels are not affected by a myocardial infarction.
The pulmonary blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Choice D is incorrect because the vena cava is not a blood vessel of the heart.
The vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
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