Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Cell membrane
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplasts
Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer : A
The cell membrane is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells and separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment.
It is composed of a lipid bilayer and regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Choice B is incorrect because the Golgi apparatus is not present in prokaryotic cells.
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to other parts of the cell or to be secreted outside the cell.
Choice C is incorrect because chloroplasts are not present in prokaryotic cells.
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some algae that are responsible for photosynthesis.
Choice D is incorrect because the endoplasmic reticulum is not present in prokaryotic cells.
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A decline in osteoblast activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels results in osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance between the functioning of osteoclast and osteoblast cells.
Osteoblasts are responsible for forming new bone, while osteoclasts break down old bone.
If osteoblast activity declines while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels, this means that more bone is being broken down than is being formed, leading to a loss of bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis.
Choice A is incorrect because an increase in osteocyte activity would not result in osteoporosis.
Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the mineral concentration of the bone matrix.
Choice B is incorrect because a decline in osteoclast activity would not result in osteoporosis.
Osteoclasts break down old bone, so a decline in their activity would mean that less bone is being broken down.
Choice C is incorrect because an increase in osteocyte activity would not result in osteoporosis.
As mentioned earlier, osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the mineral concentration of the bone matrix.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The two major parts of the nervous system are the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord and acts as the integration and command center of the body.
The PNS represents the conduit between the CNS and the body and is further subdivided into the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
Choice A is incorrect because it only mentions two subdivisions of the PNS, which are the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS).
Choice B is incorrect because it only mentions one major part of the nervous system, which is the PNS, and one subdivision of it, which is the SNS.
Choice D is incorrect because it only mentions one major part of the nervous system, which is the CNS, and one subdivision of the PNS, which is the ANS.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Ovulation is the process in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg.
During ovulation, a mature egg is released from the female ovary, enabling it to be fertilized by male sperm cells 1.
Choice A is incorrect because menstruation is the process of shedding the uterine lining, which occurs when an egg is not fertilized.
Choice B is incorrect because fertilization is the process of a sperm cell joining with an egg cell to form a zygote.
Choice D is incorrect because oogenesis is the process of forming female gametes (eggs) in the ovaries.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The hypothesis should be modified to include the new findings that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders.
A possible modification could be: “Parasitic worm infestation can have both damaging and beneficial effects on the host.
While it can cause harm, it has also been found to reduce the severity of certain autoimmune disorders.”
Choice A.
Worm infestation prevents the body from immune malfunction is not correct because it overstates the findings and implies that worm infestation completely prevents immune malfunction, which is not supported by the evidence.
Choice C.
Worm infestations exacerbate the body’s immune reactions is not correct because it contradicts the new findings that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders.
Choice D.
Lack of worm infestations is the cause of some autoimmune disorders is not correct because it overstates the findings and implies a causal relationship between lack of worm infestations and autoimmune disorders, which is not supported by the evidence.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
As a result, the reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.
Choice B is not correct because using a catalyst does not necessarily result in the formation of a more desirable product.
Choice C is not correct because using a catalyst does not necessarily result in the release of a greater amount of heat energy by the reaction.
Choice D is not correct because using a catalyst does not necessarily increase the yield of product.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A myocardial infarction affects the coronary blood vessels of the heart.
A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle 1.
Choice B is incorrect because the aorta is not a blood vessel of the heart.
The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Choice C is incorrect because the pulmonary blood vessels are not affected by a myocardial infarction.
The pulmonary blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Choice D is incorrect because the vena cava is not a blood vessel of the heart.
The vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Triple point.
In a phase diagram, the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously is the triple point.
The triple point is a unique point on a phase diagram where the three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) can coexist in equilibrium.
At the triple point, the temperature and pressure of the substance are fixed.
Option B, critical temperature, is the temperature at which a gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the pressure applied.
It is a characteristic property of a substance and is typically higher than the boiling point of the liquid at standard pressure.
Option C, critical point, is the point on a phase diagram where the liquid and gas phases of a substance become indistinguishable.
At the critical point, the distinction between the liquid and gas phases disappears, and the substance becomes a supercritical fluid.
Option D, absolute zero, is the theoretical temperature at which all matter has zero thermal energy.
At absolute zero, all substances are in their solid state, but it is not relevant to a phase diagram, as it is a temperature where no transitions between states occur.
In summary, the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously in a phase diagram is the triple point, whereas the other options provided are not relevant or are characteristic properties of substances in different contexts.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The corpus luteum is a structure that develops in the ovary after an egg has been released.
It secretes the hormone progesterone, which prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg to implant and helps maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy1.
Choice A.
Umbilical cord is not correct because it is a structure that connects the developing fetus to the placenta and provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, but does not secrete hormones.
Choice C.
Oviduct is not correct because it is a tube that transports eggs from the ovary to the uterus, but does not secrete hormones.
Choice D.
Oocyte is not correct because it is an immature egg cell, but does not secrete hormones.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Plasma B cells.
Antibodies are produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes (or B cells).
When an antigen binds to the B-cell surface, it stimulates the B cell to divide and mature into a group of identical cells called a clone.
The mature B cells, called plasma cells, secrete millions of antibodies into the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
Choice A, Natural killer cells, is not the correct answer because natural killer cells are a type of white blood cell that play a major role in the host-rejection of both tumors and virally infected cells.
Choice B, Cytotoxic T-cells, is not the correct answer because cytotoxic T-cells are a type of white blood cell that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected (particularly with viruses), or cells that are damaged in other ways.
Choice D, Helper T-cells, is not the correct answer because helper T-cells are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in the immune system by helping other white blood cells fight infections.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
In DNA, the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) pair together, while cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair together.
Therefore, the complementary strand of the given DNA sequence 3' TCGATCGCA 5' would have the complementary nitrogenous bases as:
5’ AGCTAGCGT 3’
NOTE: The 5’ to 3’ direction of the complementary strand is opposite to that of the given strand.
Choice A.
3’ AGCTAGCGT 5’ is not correct because it is not complementary to the given strand.
Choice C.
5’ UCGAUCGCA 3’ is not correct because it contains uracil (U), which is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, not DNA.
Choice D.
3’ TCGUTCGCU 3’ is not correct because it also contains uracil (U), which is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, not DNA.
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