Which of the following substances is excreted by sweat glands in response to the breakdown of proteins and the formation of ammonia?

The best reason for the prolonged preservation of the body is that it was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.

Freezing can preserve a body by slowing down or stopping the decomposition process.

Choice A is not correct because the food that the person ate would not have contained toxins that killed the bacteria that would have otherwise destroyed the body.

Choice B is not correct because the arrow wound would not have caused blood to flow out of the body in a way that would have cleared enzymes that break down tissue from the body.

Choice D is not correct because ultraviolet rays at high altitude would not have caused all of the body’s molecules to be preserved.

The polarity of water molecules explains its solvent abilities for certain substances.

Water is a polar molecule because it has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end due to the unequal sharing of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

This polarity allows water to dissolve other polar substances and ionic compounds.

Choice A.

Kinetic energy of liquid water molecules is not the correct answer because kinetic energy refers to the energy of motion and does not directly explain water’s solvent abilities.

Choice B.

High specific heat is not the correct answer because specific heat refers to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance and does not directly explain water’s solvent abilities.

Choice C.

High surface tension is not the correct answer because surface tension refers to the cohesive forces between liquid molecules and does not directly explain water’s solvent abilities.

Diameter.

The diameter is the measurement of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on its circumference.

In this case, the line across the center of the cell represents the diameter of the cell.

Choice A, Area, is not the correct answer because area refers to the amount of space inside a two-dimensional shape.

Choice C, Volume, is not the correct answer because volume refers to the amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object.

Choice D, Radius, is not the correct answer because radius refers to the distance from the center of a circle to its circumference and is half the length of the diameter.

As a solid turns to a liquid, the particles become less ordered and more free to move around.

Choice B is not correct because particles have an increase in mobility as a solid turns to a liquid.

Choice C is not correct because particles move further apart as a solid turns to a liquid.

Choice D is not correct because intermolecular forces between particles become weaker as a solid turns to a liquid.

Proteins.

Proteins are made up of amino acids which are organic molecules that contain both an amine functional group (–NH2) and a carboxylic acid functional group (– COOH).

Choice A, Lipids, is not the correct answer because lipids are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others.

They do not contain both an amine and carboxyl group.

Choice B, Chitin, is not the correct answer because chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose.

It does not contain both an amine and carboxyl group.

Choice C, Cellulose, is not the correct answer because cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5)n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.

It does not contain both an amine and carboxyl group.

Bag mass change is the dependent variable in this experiment.

In an experiment, the dependent variable is the variable that is being measured and is expected to change in response to changes in the independent variable(s).

In this case, the bag mass change is being measured and is expected to change in response to changes in the independent variable (sucrose concentration).

Choice A is incorrect because duration is not a variable in this experiment.

Choice B is incorrect because temperature is not a variable in this experiment.

Choice D is incorrect because sucrose concentration is an independent variable, not a dependent variable.

An independent variable is a variable that is manipulated by the experimenter to see how it affects the dependent

Other scientists can validate or disprove the findings.

It is important for new scientific findings to be published so that other scientists can review the research and either validate or disprove the findings.

This process of peer-review helps to ensure the accuracy and reliability of scientific research.

Choice A.

Scientists will get paid if their findings are published is not correct because while some scientists may receive funding or grants for their research, the primary goal of publishing scientific findings is not for financial gain.

Choice B.

Publishing findings will help scientists become more biased is not correct because the goal of publishing scientific findings is to share information and promote transparency, not to promote bias.

Choice D.

This prevents other scientists from performing similar tests is not correct because publishing scientific findings allows other scientists to build upon the research and perform further tests to validate or disprove the findings.

In DNA, the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) pair together, while cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair together.

Therefore, the complementary strand of the given DNA sequence 3' TCGATCGCA 5' would have the complementary nitrogenous bases as:

5’ AGCTAGCGT 3’

NOTE: The 5’ to 3’ direction of the complementary strand is opposite to that of the given strand.

Choice A.

3’ AGCTAGCGT 5’ is not correct because it is not complementary to the given strand.

Choice C.

5’ UCGAUCGCA 3’ is not correct because it contains uracil (U), which is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, not DNA.

Choice D.

3’ TCGUTCGCU 3’ is not correct because it also contains uracil (U), which is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, not DNA.

Triple point.

In a phase diagram, the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously is the triple point.

The triple point is a unique point on a phase diagram where the three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) can coexist in equilibrium.

At the triple point, the temperature and pressure of the substance are fixed.

Option B, critical temperature, is the temperature at which a gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the pressure applied.

It is a characteristic property of a substance and is typically higher than the boiling point of the liquid at standard pressure.

Option C, critical point, is the point on a phase diagram where the liquid and gas phases of a substance become indistinguishable.

At the critical point, the distinction between the liquid and gas phases disappears, and the substance becomes a supercritical fluid.

Option D, absolute zero, is the theoretical temperature at which all matter has zero thermal energy.

At absolute zero, all substances are in their solid state, but it is not relevant to a phase diagram, as it is a temperature where no transitions between states occur.

In summary, the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously in a phase diagram is the triple point, whereas the other options provided are not relevant or are characteristic properties of substances in different contexts.

The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain located just above the brainstem. It serves as a critical control center for maintaining homeostasis — the body’s internal balance. One of its key roles is regulating core body temperature through a process called thermoregulation.

The hypothalamus monitors the body's temperature using temperature-sensitive neurons. If the body becomes too hot or too cold, the hypothalamus initiates responses to bring the temperature back to a normal range by:

• Triggering sweating to cool down the body.
• Initiating shivering to generate heat.
• Adjusting blood flow to the skin for heat loss or retention.

In addition to temperature regulation, the hypothalamus also controls other vital functions like:

• Hunger and thirst
• Sleep-wake cycles
• Hormone release (by influencing the pituitary gland)
• Stress response

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

• A. Pituitary gland: While the pituitary gland is known as the “master gland” because it controls other endocrine glands, it does so under the direction of the hypothalamus. It does not directly regulate body temperature.
• C. Adrenal gland: The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, primarily involved in the stress response, not temperature regulation.
• D. Pancreas: The pancreas is mainly responsible for regulating blood sugar levels through insulin and glucagon, not body temperature.

Thus, the hypothalamus is the part of the endocrine system most responsible for maintaining homeostasis, including regulating core body temperature.