Why is water sometimes called the "universal solvent"?.

The correct answer is choice D -Enhances glomerular filtration rate.

The medication prescribed to the patient is a diuretic, which removes water and electrolytes from the body by increasing urination 1.

This helps reduce fluid buildup in the body.

Choice A, Inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is not the correct answer because it describes a different mechanism of action.

Choice B, Blocks beta receptors, is not the correct answer because it describes a different mechanism of action.

Choice C, Increases sodium and water reabsorption, is not the correct answer because it would have the opposite effect of reducing fluid buildup.

The correct answer is choice A. Orthopnea.

Orthopnea refers to a condition in which a patient experiences difficulty breathing while lying down, but their breathing improves when they sit up or stand.

Choice B, Hypoxia, is not the correct answer because it refers to a condition in which there is a lack of oxygen supply to the body’s tissues.

Choice C, Tachypnea, is not the correct answer because it refers to rapid breathing.

Choice D, Bradypnea, is not the correct answer because it refers to abnormally slow breathing.

Fertilization.

Fertilization is the process by which male and female gametes fuse to form a zygote.

Oogenesis (choice A) is the process by which female gametes, or eggs, are produced.

Meiosis (choice C) is a type of cell division that results in the formation of gametes.

Mitosis (choice D) is a type of cell division that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells.

The correct answer is choice A. Thymus.

The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ located in the mediastinum.

It plays a key role in the maturation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes.

Choice B.

Parathyroid is incorrect because the parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands located in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium levels in the blood.

Choice C.

Adrenal is incorrect because the adrenal glands are endocrine glands located above the kidneys that produce hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline.

Choice D.

Pituitary is incorrect because the pituitary gland is an endocrine gland located at the base of the brain that produces hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproductive functions.

The correct answer is choice D.

Genes that regulate cell division can become oncogenes when mutated.

Oncogenes are mutated genes that can contribute to the development of cancer.

In their non-mutated state, everyone has genes which are referred to as proto- oncogenes.

When proto-oncogenes are mutated or increased in numbers due to DNA damage, the proteins produced by these genes can affect the growth, proliferation, and survival of the cell, and potentially result in the formation of a malignant tumor.

Choice A is incorrect because mutations in oncogenes do not always result in the inhibition of cell division.

Instead, they can contribute to the development of cancer by affecting cell growth.

Choice B is incorrect because oncogenes are not only found in human cells but can be present in other organisms as well.
Choice C is incorrect because genes that regulate cell division can be found in viruses.

The correct answer is choice B.

To amplify specific regions of DNA.

PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a laboratory technique used to make many copies of a specific region of DNA.

The goal of PCR is to make enough of the target DNA region that it can be analyzed or used in some other way.

PCR has many research and practical applications, including DNA cloning, medical diagnostics, and forensic analysis of DNA.

Choice A is incorrect because PCR does not separate DNA fragments by size. Choice C is incorrect because PCR does not sequence DNA fragments.

Choice D is incorrect because PCR does not analyze protein expression levels.

Immunologic memory is the hallmark of adaptive immunity.

Immunologic memory enables the host to mount a more rapid and efficient immune response upon subsequent exposure to the antigen.

Choice A is incorrect because rapid recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection and inflammation is a characteristic of innate immunity.

Choice B is incorrect because antigen-independent defense mechanisms are characteristic of innate immunity.

Choice D is incorrect because non-specific host-defense mechanisms are characteristic of innate immunity.

The correct answer is choice A.

Increased respiration rate to remove excess CO2.

The body regulates blood pH through several mechanisms, including chemical buffers, the respiratory system, and the urinary system.

The respiratory system can adjust blood pH by changing the rate of respiration to remove or retain CO2.

When there is excess acid in the blood, the respiratory rate increases to remove more CO2, which helps to raise blood pH.

Choice B is incorrect because decreasing the respiration rate would retain CO2, which would lower blood pH.

Choice C is incorrect because increased water intake would not directly affect blood pH levels.

Choice D is incorrect because decreased water intake would not directly affect blood pH levels.

The neuromuscular junction is a type of synapse where neuronal signals from the brain or spinal cord interact with skeletal muscle fibers, causing them to contract.

The activation of many muscle fibers together causes muscles to contract, which in turn can produce movement.

Choice B is incorrect because binding acetylcholine to nAChRs is a process that occurs at the neuromuscular junction, but it is not the function of the neuromuscular junction itself.

Choice C is incorrect because depolarizing the muscle cell membrane is a result of the function of the neuromuscular junction, but it is not the function itself.

Choice D is incorrect because activating voltage-gated sodium channels on the muscle membrane is a result of the function of the neuromuscular junction, but it is not the function itself.

Water is sometimes called the “universal solvent” because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid.

This is due to its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds, which allows it to dissolve ions and polar molecules.

Choice A) Because water dissolves all solutes equally well is incorrect because water does not dissolve all solutes equally well.

Choice B) Because water is a nonpolar solvent is incorrect because water is a polar solvent.

Choice D) Because water is poor at dissolving nonpolar molecules is incorrect because it does not explain why water is called the “universal solvent”.