Urinary System

Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, the learner should be able:

• Label structures of the urinary system
• Characterize the roles of each of the parts of the urinary system
• Illustrate the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the kidney

General Characteristics of the Urinary System

Organs of the urinary system:

• Kidneys: Filter blood and form urine
• Ureters: Transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
• Urinary bladder: Collects and stores urine
• Urethra: Conveys urine from urinary bladder to outside of body Functions of the kidneys:
• Contribute to homeostasis as excretory organs
• Maintain the composition, pH, and volume of body fluids within normal limits
• Remove metabolic wastes and substances present in excess, including foreign substances like drugs and their toxic metabolites
• Secrete hormones that regulate specific metabolic processes

Structures of the Urinary System

Kidney Structure

Kidney: Regulates fluid balance and filters waste from blood

• Receive blood from renal artery (extension of aorta)
• Filter blood
• Reabsorb need materials
• Excrete waste and water via urine

• Renal Cortex: Outer Layer
  • Contains ~1 million Nephrons (filters)
  • Glomerulus: Capillary in nephron
  • Bowman's Capsule: encapsulates the glomerulus
• Renal Medulla: Middle Layer
  • Proximal Convoluted Tubule: Water, glucose, ions, and other organic molecules are reabsorbed back into the blood stream.
  • Distal Convoluted Tubule: Urea and drugs are removed from blood. pH in blood is adjusted with H+ ions.
• Renal Pelvis: Inner Layer

• Materials arrive as urine from distal convoluted tubule

Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, the learner should be able:

• Label structures of the urinary system
• Characterize the roles of each of the parts of the urinary system
• Illustrate the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the kidney

General Characteristics of the Urinary System

Organs of the urinary system:

• Kidneys: Filter blood and form urine
• Ureters: Transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
• Urinary bladder: Collects and stores urine
• Urethra: Conveys urine from urinary bladder to outside of body Functions of the kidneys:
• Contribute to homeostasis as excretory organs
• Maintain the composition, pH, and volume of body fluids within normal limits
• Remove metabolic wastes and substances present in excess, including foreign substances like drugs and their toxic metabolites
• Secrete hormones that regulate specific metabolic processes

Structures of the Urinary System

Kidney Structure

Kidney: Regulates fluid balance and filters waste from blood

• Receive blood from renal artery (extension of aorta)
• Filter blood
• Reabsorb need materials
• Excrete waste and water via urine

• Renal Cortex: Outer Layer
  • Contains ~1 million Nephrons (filters)
  • Glomerulus: Capillary in nephron
  • Bowman's Capsule: encapsulates the glomerulus
• Renal Medulla: Middle Layer
  • Proximal Convoluted Tubule: Water, glucose, ions, and other organic molecules are reabsorbed back into the blood stream.
  • Distal Convoluted Tubule: Urea and drugs are removed from blood. pH in blood is adjusted with H+ ions.
• Renal Pelvis: Inner Layer

• Materials arrive as urine from distal convoluted tubule

Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, the learner should be able:

• Label structures of the urinary system
• Characterize the roles of each of the parts of the urinary system
• Illustrate the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the kidney

General Characteristics of the Urinary System

Organs of the urinary system:

• Kidneys: Filter blood and form urine
• Ureters: Transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
• Urinary bladder: Collects and stores urine
• Urethra: Conveys urine from urinary bladder to outside of body Functions of the kidneys:
• Contribute to homeostasis as excretory organs
• Maintain the composition, pH, and volume of body fluids within normal limits
• Remove metabolic wastes and substances present in excess, including foreign substances like drugs and their toxic metabolites
• Secrete hormones that regulate specific metabolic processes

Structures of the Urinary System

Kidney Structure

Kidney: Regulates fluid balance and filters waste from blood

• Receive blood from renal artery (extension of aorta)
• Filter blood
• Reabsorb need materials
• Excrete waste and water via urine

• Renal Cortex: Outer Layer
  • Contains ~1 million Nephrons (filters)
  • Glomerulus: Capillary in nephron
  • Bowman's Capsule: encapsulates the glomerulus
• Renal Medulla: Middle Layer
  • Proximal Convoluted Tubule: Water, glucose, ions, and other organic molecules are reabsorbed back into the blood stream.
  • Distal Convoluted Tubule: Urea and drugs are removed from blood. pH in blood is adjusted with H+ ions.
• Renal Pelvis: Inner Layer

• Materials arrive as urine from distal convoluted tubule

Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, the learner should be able:

• Label structures of the urinary system
• Characterize the roles of each of the parts of the urinary system
• Illustrate the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the kidney

General Characteristics of the Urinary System

Organs of the urinary system:

• Kidneys: Filter blood and form urine
• Ureters: Transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
• Urinary bladder: Collects and stores urine
• Urethra: Conveys urine from urinary bladder to outside of body Functions of the kidneys:
• Contribute to homeostasis as excretory organs
• Maintain the composition, pH, and volume of body fluids within normal limits
• Remove metabolic wastes and substances present in excess, including foreign substances like drugs and their toxic metabolites
• Secrete hormones that regulate specific metabolic processes

Structures of the Urinary System

Kidney Structure

Kidney: Regulates fluid balance and filters waste from blood

• Receive blood from renal artery (extension of aorta)
• Filter blood
• Reabsorb need materials
• Excrete waste and water via urine

• Renal Cortex: Outer Layer
  • Contains ~1 million Nephrons (filters)
  • Glomerulus: Capillary in nephron
  • Bowman's Capsule: encapsulates the glomerulus
• Renal Medulla: Middle Layer
  • Proximal Convoluted Tubule: Water, glucose, ions, and other organic molecules are reabsorbed back into the blood stream.
  • Distal Convoluted Tubule: Urea and drugs are removed from blood. pH in blood is adjusted with H+ ions.
• Renal Pelvis: Inner Layer

• Materials arrive as urine from distal convoluted tubule