A 1-month-old infant is seen in a clinic and is diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). On assessment, the nurse understands that which finding would be noted in this condition?

Limited range of motion in the affected hip

Symmetry of the gluteal skinfolds when the infant is placed prone and the legs are extended

Negative Barlow test

Unaffected leg is pale and cool

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) often presents with a limited range of motion in the affected hip, particularly in abduction.

B. Asymmetry of the gluteal skinfolds, not symmetry, is a typical finding in DDH. This asymmetry is due to the improper alignment of the hip joint.

C. A positive Barlow test, where the hip can be dislocated by adduction and posterior pressure, is indicative of DDH. A negative Barlow test would suggest the absence of DDH.

D. A pale and cool leg is not a common finding in DDH. This would be more indicative of a circulatory problem, not hip dysplasia.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Polyuria is not commonly associated with heart failure in infants; they are more likely to have oliguria or reduced urine output.

B. Difficulty feeding is a common sign of heart failure in infants because the increased work of breathing and poor cardiac output make it hard for them to feed effectively.

C. Bradycardia is not typically associated with heart failure; tachycardia is more common as the heart tries to compensate for decreased cardiac output.

D. Bradypnea is uncommon in heart failure; tachypnea is a more likely symptom due to fluid overload and poor oxygenation.

A. "We can anticipate needing intravenous fluids to correct the dehydration." B. "I will continue to give oral rehydration in small amounts." C. "Chicken broth will replace the needed electrolytes lost." D. "If my child's soft spot becomes depressed, I will notify the healthcare provider immediately."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Intravenous fluids are generally not required if the child is alert and active with mild dehydration; oral rehydration is usually sufficient.

B. Oral rehydration solutions are appropriate for treating mild dehydration and should be given in small amounts frequently.

C. Chicken broth is not ideal for replacing electrolytes because it is low in electrolytes and high in sodium. Oral rehydration solutions are preferred.

D. A depressed soft spot (fontanel) is a sign of severe dehydration in infants. For a 4-year-old, signs of dehydration would include changes in urine output, thirst, or dry mucous membranes rather than a depressed fontanel.

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A 1-month-old infant is seen in a clinic and is diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). On assessment, the nurse understands that which finding would be noted in this condition?