A 10-year-old boy displays deficits in intellectual functions that involve his ability to reason, solve problems, and learn from instruction or experience. He has been slow to develop skills in school and is behind his peers in reading, writing, and mathematical abilities. As a result, he has significant impairments in his ability to develop socially appropriate interpersonal communication skills and has developed no real friendships. He is dependent on others for assistance with his basic needs, such as dressing and feeding. Which of the following diagnoses most accurately represents this presentation?
Autism spectrum disorder
Global developmental delay
Intellectual disability
Childhood-onset neurocognitive disorder
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Autism spectrum disorder primarily involves deficits in social communication and restricted/repetitive behaviors. While some overlap exists, the primary issue here is broad cognitive impairment affecting adaptive functioning, which is more consistent with intellectual disability.
Choice B reason: Global developmental delay applies to children under age 5 with delays in multiple developmental domains. At age 10, this diagnosis is no longer appropriate; intellectual disability is diagnosed instead.
Choice C reason: This choice is correct because intellectual disability is defined by deficits in intellectual functioning (reasoning, problem-solving, learning) and adaptive functioning (communication, social participation, daily living skills). The description matches both criteria.
Choice D reason: Childhood-onset neurocognitive disorder is generally reserved for disorders like early-onset dementia or acquired cognitive impairments, not congenital or developmental intellectual deficits.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Estrogen is not indicated because Klinefelter syndrome involves low testosterone; giving estrogen could worsen feminization and does not address the underlying hormone deficiency.
Choice B reason: Testosterone replacement therapy is the mainstay of treatment in Klinefelter syndrome to promote the development of secondary sexual characteristics, improve muscle mass and bone density, and support overall physical and psychological health.
Choice C reason: Doing nothing would allow the effects of testosterone deficiency to persist, including delayed puberty, reduced muscle mass, decreased bone density, and potential psychosocial difficulties.
Choice D reason: Progesterone is not used in Klinefelter syndrome; it does not address testosterone deficiency and has no role in managing the condition.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Low-dose aspirin is used for preeclampsia prevention during pregnancy, not for acute postpartum hypertension with severe symptoms.
Choice B reason: Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for preventing seizures in postpartum preeclampsia or eclampsia and managing severe symptoms such as headaches, blurred vision, and upper abdominal pain.
Choice C reason: Lorazepam is an anxiolytic and anticonvulsant but is not first-line therapy for preeclampsia or eclampsia.
Choice D reason: Lactated Ringer's solution is a supportive fluid but does not address the underlying risk of seizures or severe hypertension.
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