A 3-year-old child with a history of recurrent respiratory infections, poor weight gain, and salty-tasting skin is being evaluated for cystic fibrosis (CF). The healthcare provider suspects CF and orders a diagnostic test. Which of the following diagnostic tests is the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of CF?

Genetic testing for CFTR mutations

Sweat chloride test

Chest x-ray

Pulmonary function tests (PFTS)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Genetic testing for CFTR mutations is incorrect as the primary diagnostic tool. While genetic testing can identify specific CF mutations and is useful for screening or confirming atypical cases, it is not considered the first-line gold standard for diagnosis.

B. Sweat chloride test is correct. The sweat chloride test measures the concentration of chloride in sweat, which is abnormally elevated in individuals with cystic fibrosis due to defective CFTR channels. A chloride concentration ≥60 mmol/L on two separate occasions confirms the diagnosis. It remains the gold standard diagnostic test for CF in children.

C. Chest x-ray is incorrect because it is not diagnostic for CF. Although chest x-rays may show structural lung changes such as hyperinflation or bronchiectasis in advanced disease, they cannot confirm CF on their own.

D. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are incorrect for initial diagnosis in young children. PFTs assess lung function and disease progression but are not reliable for confirming CF, especially in a 3-year-old who may not be able to perform the maneuvers required.

Nursing Test Bank

Test Bank #1: RN Pharmacology Exams Test Bank #2: RN Medical-Surgical Exams Test Bank #3: RN Fundamentals Exams Test Bank #4: RN Maternal-Newborn Exams Test Bank #5: RN Anatomy and Physiology Exams Test Bank #6: RN Obstetrics and Pediatrics Exams Test Bank #7: RN Fluid and Electrolytes Exams Test Bank #9: RN Adult Health Test Bank #10: RN Dosage Calculation Test Bank #11: RN Community Health Exams Test Bank #12: RN Psychology Exams Test Bank #13: RN Nursing Care Of Children Test Bank #14: RN Foundations of Nursing Exams

Get 100+ Naxlex Exit Exams for $79 Try Naxlex NCLEX-RN (14 Day Free-Trial)

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Exam #1: RN Comprehensive predictor 2023 proctored exam Exam #2: Ati rn vati comprehensive predictor proctored exam Exam #3: Ati Rn Comprehensive Predictor Proctored Exam 2023 Exam #4: Rn Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Proctored Exam - St. Joseph Exam #5: RN Comprehensive Predictor Proctored Exam (National U CA San Diego) Exam #6: Ati rn comprehensive predictor 2023 retake proctored exam Exam #7: RN Hesi Exit Proctored Exam Exam #8: Hesi RN Exit proctored exam Exam #9: Hesi rn exit proctored exam Exam #10: Hesi Rn compass exit B proctored exam

Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Directional trends describe the general patterns of growth, such as cephalocaudal (head-to-toe) or proximodistal (center-to-periphery) development. The scenario focuses on differences in the rate of skill acquisition, not the direction of development.

B. Developmental pace refers to the rate at which different skills or abilities emerge, which can vary among domains. In this scenario, the toddler’s language skills are advancing rapidly, while gross motor skills like running show little change, illustrating that different areas of development progress at different rates.

C. Sensitive periods refer to specific windows of time during which a child is particularly responsive to certain types of learning or stimuli, such as language acquisition. The scenario does not specify a critical timing for development, but rather differences in progression across skills, so sensitive periods are not the primary principle illustrated.

D. Sequential trends refer to the orderly and predictable progression of developmental milestones, such as crawling before walking. While the toddler is developing language, the scenario emphasizes rate differences, not the order in which skills emerge.

A. Advise the client that occasional drug use is safe during pregnancy B. offer nonjudgmental counseling and referrals to support services C. Encourage abrupt discontinuation of all opioids D. Monitor the newborn for signs of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) E. Provide methadone therapy as prescribed

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. This is incorrect. There is no safe level of illicit opioid use during pregnancy. Encouraging or implying safety could put both the mother and fetus at serious risk, including preterm labor, low birth weight, and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

B. Providing a supportive, nonjudgmental approach encourages the client to engage in care, disclose substance use, and access rehabilitation, counseling, and social services, which improves maternal and fetal outcomes.

C. Abrupt cessation of opioids in a dependent pregnant client can lead to maternal withdrawal, fetal distress, preterm labor, or miscarriage. Safe management involves medically supervised opioid replacement therapy, not sudden discontinuation.

D. Infants exposed to opioids in utero are at risk for NAS, which includes tremors, irritability, feeding difficulties, respiratory problems, and seizures. Early identification and intervention are essential.

E. Methadone or buprenorphine therapy is the standard of care for managing opioid dependence during pregnancy. These therapies stabilize maternal opioid levels, reduce illicit drug use, and improve pregnancy outcomes. Therapy should be medically supervised.

View Question and Answer

Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.

Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During a well-child visit, a nurse notes that a toddler has recently started speaking in short sentences, but gross motor skills such as running have shown little change. Which principle does this BEST illustrate?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A pregnant client has a history of opioid dependence. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions for managing her care? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

A 9-month-old infant presents with fever and irritability. The nurse notices the infant repeatedly pulls at the right ear, arches the back when touched, and grimaces during diaper changes. Which assessment BEST guides the nurse's interpretation of the infant's pain?

A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child's response to a new daycare environment. The child initially clings to the parent, cries, and takes several minutes to warm up to other children and new activities. Which statement BEST reflects the child's temperament?

The nurse is assessing a newborn who is 12 hours old. Which symptoms would indicate the newborn is experiencing respiratory distress?(Select all that apply)

During a routine checkup, a nurse observes that a 4-year-old child has noticeably enlarged tonsils but is otherwise healthy with no signs of infection. The child's parents express concern. Which statement BEST explains this finding?

The nurse is performing an assessment on a pregnant patient with a diagnosis of severe preeclampsia. The nurse reviews the assessment findings and determines that which finding is most closely associated with a complication of this diagnosis?

A nurse is teaching a parent about normal infant growth and development. Which statement by the parent indicates they can apply developmental principles correctly to their own child?

A nurse is preparing to perform a heel-stick procedure on a 2-day-old newborn. Which intervention BEST represents nonpharmacologic pain management for neonates?

A 12-year-old child with sickle cell disease is admitted with a vaso-occlusive crisis. The child rates pain as 10/10 but refuses IV opioids due to fear of needles. Which intervention should the nurse implement FIRST?