A 15-year-old male patient is suspected to have Von Willebrand disease (VWD). Which of the following statements about the characteristics of VWD is incorrect?
Von Willebrand disease is a hereditary deficiency of von Willebrand factor
Von Willebrand factor functions independently of factor VIII
Von Willebrand factor allows adhesion of platelets to a glycoprotein Ib-IX
Although VWD causes platelet dysfunction, bleeding tendencies are usually mild
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Von Willebrand disease is indeed a hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (vWF), which plays a crucial role in platelet adhesion and stabilization of factor VIII. This statement is accurate.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect. Von Willebrand factor does not function independently of factor VIII. In fact, vWF serves as a carrier protein for factor VIII, protecting it from degradation in circulation. A deficiency in vWF can lead to secondary reductions in factor VIII levels, contributing to bleeding symptoms.
Choice C reason: vWF mediates platelet adhesion to the subendothelial matrix by binding to glycoprotein Ib-IX on the platelet surface. This interaction is essential for the initial steps of hemostasis. The statement is correct.
Choice D reason: VWD typically causes mild to moderate bleeding symptoms, such as easy bruising, nosebleeds, and prolonged bleeding after minor injuries. Severe bleeding is less common, especially in type 1 VWD. This statement is accurate.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: ARDS is characterized by acute onset of hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload. The hallmark radiographic finding is diffuse bilateral opacities on chest imaging, which reflect alveolar damage and fluid accumulation. This is the most consistent and diagnostic imaging feature of ARDS.
Choice B reason: Hyperinflation, flattened diaphragm, and increased anterior-posterior diameter are typical findings in obstructive lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), not ARDS. These features suggest air trapping rather than alveolar flooding or collapse.
Choice C reason: Increased interstitial markings and thickened bronchial walls are more indicative of chronic bronchitis or other interstitial lung diseases. These findings are not specific to ARDS and do not reflect the acute alveolar injury seen in ARDS.
Choice D reason: Consolidation or parapneumonic effusion may be seen in bacterial pneumonia or other infectious processes, but they are not characteristic of ARDS. ARDS typically presents with diffuse, non-lobar infiltrates rather than focal consolidation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: The amygdala is primarily involved in emotional processing, particularly fear and aggression. While it may influence sleep indirectly through emotional arousal, it is not the central regulator of the sleep-wake cycle.
Choice B reason: The hypothalamus plays a critical role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. It contains the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which serves as the body’s master circadian pacemaker. The SCN receives light input from the retina and synchronizes physiological processes, including melatonin release and sleep timing.
Choice C reason: The cerebellum is responsible for coordination of voluntary movements, balance, and motor learning. It does not have a direct role in sleep regulation.
Choice D reason: The frontal lobe is involved in executive functions, decision-making, and personality. Although sleep deprivation affects frontal lobe performance, it is not the primary center for sleep-wake regulation.
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