A 2-year-old patient has been diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux. The most effective antibiotic for prophylaxis in this age group is:
amoxicillin (Amoxil)
ciprofloxacin (Cipro).
sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim).
cephalexin (Keflex).
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Amoxicillin (Amoxil) is sometimes used for prophylaxis in young children, but its efficacy against common urinary pathogens and resistance patterns is lower compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
B. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is not typically recommended for routine prophylaxis in children due to potential adverse effects on developing cartilage.
C. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim) is the preferred first-line antibiotic for prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux. It is effective against E. coli and other common urinary pathogens, has a favorable safety profile, and is widely used in this age group for long-term low-dose prophylaxis.
D. Cephalexin (Keflex) can be used in some cases but is generally considered second-line compared with Bactrim for continuous prophylaxis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Wearing lap and shoulder belts is essential for all passengers, including children, to reduce injury risk in car accidents.
B. Bicycle helmets significantly decrease the risk of head injury and should always be worn by children while riding.
C. Children under 13 years of age are generally safer in the backseat than the front seat due to airbag risks.
D. Using a multipurpose lighter to ignite fireworks is unsafe and should never be recommended to children. Fireworks should only be handled by adults, and children should be taught not to light fireworks themselves to prevent burns, eye injuries, or accidental fires.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. While café-au-lait spots can appear as benign birthmarks, the presence of six or more spots greater than 0.5 cm in prepubertal children is a diagnostic criterion for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Reassurance alone is inappropriate in this scenario.
B. Topical hydrocortisone is not indicated, as café-au-lait spots are pigmented lesions, not inflammatory or eczematous conditions.
C. Antifungal cream is irrelevant, as café-au-lait spots are not caused by fungal infections.
D. Referral to a neurologist or pediatric geneticist is warranted for further evaluation, as NF1 can be associated with neurologic, skeletal, and ophthalmologic complications. Early identification allows for monitoring and management of potential systemic involvement.
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