When observing the scalp of a 9-year-old patient, the NP notes round scaling patches. The patient's hairs appear broken close to the surface of the scalp. These findings may be consistent with:

tinea capitis.

seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp.

trichotillomania.

alopecia areata.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale:
A. Tinea capitis, a fungal infection of the scalp, commonly presents with round, scaly patches and broken hairs close to the scalp. It often causes itching and may lead to mild inflammation.
B. Seborrheic dermatitis typically presents with greasy, yellowish scales rather than broken hairs.
C. Trichotillomania is characterized by hair loss due to repetitive pulling, often with irregular patches and no scaling.
D. Alopecia areata presents as smooth, well-demarcated, non-scaly patches of hair loss without broken hairs.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Recent fluid intake provides context for overall hydration but does not directly determine the safety of adding potassium.
B. Urinary output must be assessed before adding potassium to IV fluids because adequate renal function is essential for potassium excretion. Administering potassium to a patient with low or absent urine output can lead to hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
C. Capillary refill helps assess perfusion and dehydration but does not indicate the patient’s ability to excrete potassium.
D. Last bowel movement is not relevant to potassium administration in IV fluids, as potassium is primarily excreted via the kidneys rather than the gastrointestinal tract.

A. an antidepressant. B. a stimulant. C. a benzodiazepine. D. a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Antidepressants may be used in ADHD when comorbid mood disorders are present but are not first-line therapy for core ADHD symptoms.
B. Stimulants, such as methylphenidate or amphetamine-based medications, are the first-line treatment for ADHD. They have the most robust evidence for improving attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in children and adolescents.
C. Benzodiazepines are not indicated for ADHD and may worsen attention and behavior.
D. SSRIs are used primarily for anxiety or depression and do not address the core symptoms of ADHD.

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When observing the scalp of a 9-year-old patient, the NP notes round scaling patches. The patient's hairs appear broken close to the surface of the scalp. These findings may be consistent with:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 10-year-old child presents to the outpatient clinic with dehydration. The nurse practitioner administers a bolus of IV fluids. Before adding potassium to the fluids, the nurse practitioner should first assess:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The first line of treatment for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The most widely accepted empiric treatment for Bell's palsy is:

When used to treat acute anxiety, a common problem with the benzodiazepines is:

A presumptive sign that would lead the nurse practitioner to suspect pregnancy in an adolescent is:

A 10-year-old patient was recently diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In addition to psychological treatment, the medication that should be considered for initial treatment is:

A 16-year-old adolescent female reports amenorrhea for 8 weeks. The most appropriate intervention by the nurse practitioner would be to:

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