A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child's response to a new daycare environment. The child initially clings to the parent, cries, and takes several minutes to warm up to other children and new activities. Which statement BEST reflects the child's temperament?
The child's behavior indicates a delay in social development rather than temperament.
The child has a difficult temperament and is unlikely to ever adapt to new environments.
The child has an easy temperament and adapts quickly to new situations.
The child has a slow-to-warm-up temperament and requires time to adjust to new experiences.
The Correct Answer is D
A. The behaviors described including initial clinginess, crying, and gradual adjustment, are typical variations in temperament, not indicators of a social developmental delay. Most 3-year-olds show a range of responses when exposed to new environments.
B. A difficult temperament is characterized by intense reactions, irregular routines, and high sensitivity, but the child in this scenario eventually warms up and engages with others, indicating the child is not persistently difficult.
C. Children with an easy temperament adjust rapidly, show positive mood, and require minimal guidance, which does not match the initial clinginess and crying observed in this child.
D. Slow-to-warm-up children are cautious in unfamiliar situations, may initially withdraw or cling, and gradually adapt once they feel safe. The child’s behavior of crying, clinging, and taking several minutes to engage aligns with this temperament type.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Alveolar collapse (atelectasis) due to surfactant deficiency is typically seen in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, not asthma. Asthma primarily affects the airways, not alveolar surfactant production.
B. In asthma, bronchial smooth muscle constriction occurs, not relaxation. Surfactant production is not a central factor in asthma pathophysiology.
C. These features lead to edema and hyperresponsiveness, contraction of smooth muscle around the bronchi and bronchioles, and mucus accumulation, all contributing to the child’s symptoms.
D. While upper respiratory infections can trigger asthma exacerbations, sinus obstruction itself is not the primary pathophysiologic process in asthma. The key changes occur in the lower airways.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While cold compresses can reduce local pain and inflammation, they do not address the systemic risk of tetanus. Given the child’s symptoms (stiff jaw, muscle spasms, difficulty swallowing) 10 days after stepping on a rusty nail, tetanus is suspected, and simply treating the wound locally is insufficient.
B. Muscle stiffness and spasms in tetanus are caused by neurotoxin effects on the nervous system, not inactivity. Ambulation does not prevent the progression of tetanus and could increase the risk of falls or injury.
C. The child’s clinical presentation is consistent with tetanus, which is a medical emergency. The priority intervention is to neutralize the toxin and provide active and passive immunization. The tetanus booster stimulates active immunity, while tetanus immune globulin (TIG) provides immediate passive immunity to neutralize circulating toxin. This intervention is life-saving and takes priority over local wound care or antibiotics.
D. Antibiotics like metronidazole or penicillin are used to reduce bacterial load, but they do not neutralize circulating tetanus toxin and are secondary to immediate immunotherapy. Delaying TIG while focusing only on antibiotics could be fatal.
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