What are known triggers for vaso-occlusive crises, such as Sickle Cell Disease?
Alkalosis and insomnia
Reduced stress and warm environmental temperature
Acidosis and dehydration
High fat diet and hyperoxia
The Correct Answer is C
A. Alkalosis and insomnia:
Alkalosis does not trigger sickling; acidosis (low pH) is more harmful. Insomnia alone is not a direct trigger.
B. Reduced stress and warm environmental temperature:
Reduced stress and warmth help prevent crises rather than cause them.
C. Acidosis and dehydration:
Acidosis promotes sickling of RBCs, and dehydration increases blood viscosity, both triggering vaso-occlusive crises.
D. High fat diet and hyperoxia:
A high-fat diet is linked to cardiovascular disease, and hyperoxia (excess oxygen) is not a trigger for sickling.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A callus that forms on an ossicle:
No callus forms on the ossicles with cerumen impaction. Ossicle problems (like otosclerosis) involve bone remodeling, not wax.
B. Inflammation of the innermost part of the ear:
This describes labyrinthitis or inner ear infections, not cerumen impaction.
C. Blockage of the ear canal due to built-up ear wax:
Cerumen impaction is the accumulation of earwax blocking the external ear canal, leading to symptoms like hearing loss or fullness.
D. Accumulation of skin cells behind the tympanic membrane or within the mastoid bone:
This describes a cholesteatoma, not cerumen impaction.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Gestational thrombocytopenia:
Gestational thrombocytopenia involves low platelet counts during pregnancy. Symptoms: Easy bruising or bleeding- not polydipsia, polyphagia, or poor wound healing. No relationship to elevated blood glucose.
B. Gestational diabetes mellitus: Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that develops during pregnancy. Classic signs: polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria. Non-healing wounds and infection risk due to impaired immunity and circulation. A1C of 8.5% clearly indicates poor glycemic control.
C. Gestational hypertension: High blood pressure during pregnancy. Symptoms: Headache, visual changes, swelling, not polydipsia, polyphagia, or infection.
D. Hyperemesis gravidarum: This causes severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy leading to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and weight loss, but not high glucose or wound issues.
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