A 40-year-old Asian male with no family history of cancer is in the office for his annual physical examination. What should the nurse teach the patient regarding the PSA blood test according to the American Cancer Society?
Should be performed at age 50 years.
Should be performed with this visit.
Should be performed at age 45 years.
dd) Is only necessary if a family history of prostate cancer exists.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: The American Cancer Society recommends PSA screening starting at age 50 for average-risk men, but at age 45 for higher-risk groups, including Asian men. This patient patient, as Asian, Asian, needs earlier screening, so age 50 is incorrect for this demographic.
Choice B reason: Starting screening at age 40 is not standard for an average-risk Asian male without symptoms. The ACS suggests age 45 for Asian men, so recommending it with this visit is premature and incorrect.
Choice C reason: The ACS recommends PSA screening for Asian men starting at age 45 due to the higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, even without family history. This aligns with the patient’s profile, making it the correct teaching point.
Choice D reason: PSA screening is recommended for higher-risk groups like Asian men at age 45, regardless of family history. Limiting it to family history cases misses at-risk individuals, so this is incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Facilitation involves encouraging elaboration, like nodding or saying “go on,” to keep the patient talking. The question “What brings you to the clinic today?” seeks a broad response, not just continuation, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: Direct questions seek specific answers, like “Do you have pain?” The stated question allows a broad, narrative response, not a targeted one, making it an open-ended technique rather than a direct one.
Choice C reason: An open-ended question, like “What brings you to the clinic today?” invites the patient to provide a detailed, narrative response, allowing exploration of their concerns without limiting answers, making this the correct communication technique.
Choice D reason: Reflection restates the patient’s words to clarify or validate, like “You feel tired?” The question posed seeks new information, not a restatement, making it an open-ended technique, not reflection.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: The right 5th intercostal space at the sternal border is near the tricuspid valve, where murmurs from tricuspid regurgitation or stenosis are typically heard. Aortic valve stenosis murmurs, caused by turbulent flow through a narrowed aortic valve, are not prominent here, making this an incorrect assessment site.
Choice B reason: The right 2nd intercostal space at the sternal border is the aortic area, ideal for auscultating aortic valve stenosis murmurs. These murmurs are harsh, crescendo-decrescendo, and systolic, radiating to the carotid arteries due to turbulent blood flow through the stenosed aortic valve, making this the correct site.
Choice C reason: The left 5th intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line is the mitral valve area, where mitral regurgitation or stenosis murmurs are heard. Aortic valve stenosis murmurs originate from the aortic root and are not best detected here, rendering this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: The left 2nd intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line is near the pulmonic valve, where pulmonic stenosis murmurs are auscultated. Aortic valve stenosis murmurs are not prominent in this area, as they are specific to the aortic region, making this an incorrect choice.
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