A 41-year-old male client has been undergoing treatment for depression for many years and has chronic suicidal ideation. The PMHNP administered the Beck Hopelessness Scale at the client's last visit, in order to determine the context of his suicidality. He scored an 8. What does this score represent?
Minimal suicide risk
Mild suicide risk
Moderate suicide risk
Severe suicide risk
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Scores of 0–3 on the Beck Hopelessness Scale are typically considered minimal risk. A score of 8 exceeds this range.
Choice B reason: Mild risk is generally associated with scores between 4–7. A score of 8 is above this threshold.
Choice C reason: A score of 8 on the Beck Hopelessness Scale falls within the moderate risk range. This level of hopelessness is clinically significant and correlates with increased suicide risk, especially in individuals with chronic depression.
Choice D reason: Severe risk is usually indicated by scores of 9 or higher. While 8 is close, it does not meet the threshold for severe classification.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used primarily for emergency reversal of opioid overdose. It is not used as a maintenance medication in MAT, especially not during pregnancy, as it does not address withdrawal or cravings.
Choice B reason: Naltrexone is also an opioid antagonist used in MAT, but it is contraindicated during pregnancy due to insufficient safety data and the risk of precipitating withdrawal. It requires complete detoxification before initiation, which is not ideal for pregnant patients.
Choice C reason: Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist and is considered safe and effective for use during pregnancy. It reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms without producing the same level of euphoria as full agonists. It is preferred over methadone in many cases due to lower risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome and better maternal outcomes.
Choice D reason: Buprenorphine/Naloxone combination is generally avoided during pregnancy because naloxone can precipitate withdrawal in the fetus. Monotherapy with buprenorphine is the recommended approach for pregnant women with OUD.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: A p-value of 0.1 indicates that the results are not statistically significant at the conventional threshold of 0.05. While p-values are part of statistical analysis, they do not define internal validity, which is about the integrity of the study design and causal inference.
Choice B reason: Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study can demonstrate that the observed effects are due to the intervention or independent variable, rather than confounding factors. It ensures that the relationship between variables is accurately measured and that the study design supports causal conclusions.
Choice C reason: This describes external validity, which is about generalizability of findings to the broader population. It does not address whether the study accurately measured the intended causal relationship.
Choice D reason: Peer-reviewed publication reflects quality control and scholarly acceptance but does not guarantee internal validity. A study can be published and still have design flaws that compromise its internal validity.
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