When interpreting research findings, which of the following most closely describes the concept of external validity?
The independent variable (the treatment) caused a change in the dependent variable (the outcome).
The sample is representative of the population and the results can be generalized.
The P value is 0.1.
The research has been accepted by a peer-reviewed journal.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This describes internal validity, which assesses whether the observed effect is due to the intervention and not confounding variables. It does not address generalizability.
Choice B reason: External validity refers to the extent to which study findings can be generalized beyond the specific sample used. If the sample accurately reflects the broader population, the results are more likely to apply in real-world settings, enhancing external validity.
Choice C reason: A p-value of 0.1 suggests that the results are not statistically significant at the conventional threshold of 0.05. It does not relate to external validity, which is about generalizability, not statistical significance.
Choice D reason: Peer-reviewed publication indicates that the research has undergone expert scrutiny, but it does not guarantee external validity. Generalizability depends on study design and sample characteristics, not publication status.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: A score of 12 on the AUDIT indicates hazardous or harmful alcohol use. No intervention would be inappropriate and neglectful of the clinical implications of the score.
Choice B reason: A score between 8 and 15 on the AUDIT suggests hazardous drinking. The recommended next step is a brief intervention, which involves structured advice or counseling aimed at reducing alcohol consumption and preventing escalation.
Choice C reason: Detoxification assessment is appropriate for scores above 20 or when there are signs of physical dependence and withdrawal. A score of 12 does not automatically warrant detox evaluation.
Choice D reason: PEth testing is a biomarker for alcohol use but is not a standard follow-up for an AUDIT score of 12. It may be used in legal or forensic contexts but is not necessary in routine clinical practice at this stage.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) focuses on challenging irrational beliefs and promoting rational thinking. While helpful for emotional regulation, it is not the primary evidence-based approach for relapse prevention in substance use.
Choice B reason: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most widely supported therapy for relapse prevention. It helps clients identify triggers, develop coping strategies, and restructure maladaptive thoughts that contribute to substance use. CBT is effective in maintaining sobriety and preventing relapse.
Choice C reason: Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) is beneficial for emotional regulation and is often used for borderline personality disorder. While it may help with co-occurring conditions, CBT is more targeted for relapse prevention.
Choice D reason: Solution-focused therapy emphasizes strengths and future goals but lacks the structured approach needed for relapse prevention. It is better suited for short-term problem-solving than long-term substance use management.
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