A 6-year-old child is showing behaviors such as excessive handwashing and reluctance to use the bathroom independently. According to Freud’s psychosexual theory, fixation at which stage is most likely contributing to these behaviors?
Phallic stage
Oral stage
Latency stage
Anal stage
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: The phallic stage (ages 3–6) involves focus on genital awareness and resolving the Oedipus/Electra complex. This stage does not explain compulsive cleanliness or bathroom avoidance.
Choice B reason: The oral stage (birth–1 year) relates to feeding and oral gratification. Fixation here leads to dependency or oral habits such as smoking, not excessive handwashing.
Choice C reason: The latency stage (ages 6–12) emphasizes social development, friendships, and learning rather than obsessive cleanliness. It does not explain the observed behaviors.
Choice D reason: The anal stage (ages 1–3) centers around toilet training and control over elimination. Fixation here may cause compulsive behaviors like cleanliness, orderliness, or avoidance of bathroom-related tasks, making it the best explanation for the child’s behavior.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: NANDA-I provides standardized nursing diagnoses but does not list or categorize symptoms for specific psychiatric disorders.
Choice B reason: The Nursing Outcomes Classification focuses on measurable patient outcomes after interventions, not on identifying symptoms of mental disorders.
Choice C reason: The Nursing Interventions Classification outlines evidence-based nursing actions and strategies, but it does not define or organize psychiatric symptoms.
Choice D reason: The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) is the authoritative resource for identifying and categorizing symptoms of mental disorders. It provides diagnostic criteria and symptom patterns for each psychiatric condition, making it the correct choice.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: While silence may sometimes convey understanding, its primary therapeutic purpose in communication is to allow the patient time to think or reflect, not simply to indicate understanding.
Choice B reason: Prolonged silence may cause withdrawal in some patients, but this is not the guiding principle in therapeutic communication. The focus should be on the value of reflection.
Choice C reason: Silence provides the patient with opportunities for reflection and processing of thoughts and emotions. It encourages deeper expression and supports therapeutic dialogue.
Choice D reason: The nurse is not always responsible for breaking silence. Sometimes allowing the patient to break the silence themselves is more therapeutic and empowering.
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