A breakfast tray was placed in front of a diabetic patient. The nurse checks the sugar and it displays 80 mg/dL. Lispro sliding scale <130–0 units, 131–150–1 unit, 151–200–2 units, 201–250–4 units, 251–300–6 units, 301–350–8 units, 351–400–10 units, >401–call MD. Which intervention should the nurse hold?

Administer Lantus 15 units

Administer Metformin

Administer glucagon and recheck sugar

Give patient the breakfast tray

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Lantus (insulin glargine) is a long-acting basal insulin and may be part of the patient’s regular regimen. It is not held based on pre-meal glucose unless hypoglycemia is present or the patient is NPO. A glucose of 80 mg/dL is within normal fasting range.

Choice B reason: Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent and is typically continued unless contraindicated by renal function or acute illness. It does not cause hypoglycemia on its own and is not held for a glucose of 80 mg/dL.

Choice C reason: Glucagon is used to treat hypoglycemia, typically when blood glucose is below 70 mg/dL or if the patient is symptomatic and unable to eat. A glucose of 80 mg/dL does not warrant glucagon administration. This intervention should be held.

Choice D reason: Giving the breakfast tray is appropriate. The patient’s glucose is within normal range, and food intake will help maintain glycemic stability.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: While DSLR contains dextrose, it is not concentrated enough to maintain the glucose and osmolarity levels required for patients dependent on TPN. It also contains electrolytes that may not be appropriate for all TPN patients.

Choice B reason: D10W is the preferred solution when TPN is temporarily unavailable. It helps maintain blood glucose levels and prevents hypoglycemia due to the abrupt discontinuation of TPN, which contains high concentrations of dextrose.

Choice C reason: 0.45% NaCl is a hypotonic solution and does not provide the necessary glucose to prevent hypoglycemia. It is not suitable as a temporary replacement for TPN.

Choice D reason: Lactated Ringer’s is an isotonic solution used for fluid resuscitation and electrolyte replacement. It lacks sufficient dextrose and is not appropriate for maintaining metabolic needs in TPN-dependent patients.

A. Diabetes mellitus B. COPD C. Anemia D. Osteoporosis

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Diabetes mellitus is a well-established risk factor for urinary tract infections. Hyperglycemia can impair immune function and promote bacterial growth in the urinary tract. Additionally, diabetic neuropathy may lead to incomplete bladder emptying, increasing the risk of infection. Patients with diabetes often experience recurrent UTIs due to these physiological changes and compromised host defenses.

Choice B reason: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) primarily affects the respiratory system and is not directly associated with increased risk for UTIs. While systemic inflammation and steroid use in COPD may slightly increase infection susceptibility, it is not considered a primary risk factor for UTIs.

Choice C reason: Anemia, although indicative of underlying health issues, is not a direct risk factor for UTIs. It may coexist with infections due to chronic disease or nutritional deficiencies, but it does not contribute to the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections.

Choice D reason: Osteoporosis affects bone density and is unrelated to urinary tract health. It does not impair immune function or urinary elimination, and therefore is not considered a risk factor for UTIs.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a risk factor?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the EKG strip of a client who has prolonged vomiting. Which of the following abnormalities on the client's EKG should the nurse interpret as a sign of hypokalemia?

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for four clients. The nurse should recognize that which of the following clients has a manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism?

A nurse is caring for a client who requires total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following actions should the nurse take when finding that the TPN solution is infusing too rapidly?

A nurse is giving a presentation about preventing deep-vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following should the nurse include as a risk factor for this disorder? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is assessing a client who has hypoparathyroidism. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new arteriovenous fistula in the right forearm. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching as a possible indication of venous insufficiency?

A nurse is planning care for a client who has a new diagnosis of diabetes insipidus. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?