A child develops carditis from rheumatic fever. Which areas of the heart are affected by carditis?
Aortic and pulmonic valves
Heart muscle and the mitral valve
Contractility of the ventricles
Coronary arteries
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Rheumatic carditis primarily affects the mitral valve and myocardium, not aortic and pulmonic valves, which are less commonly involved. Inflammation targets endocardium and myocardium, making this incorrect, as it does not accurately reflect the primary cardiac structures affected in rheumatic fever.
Choice B reason: Rheumatic fever carditis causes inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium) and mitral valve, leading to myocarditis and valvulitis, often causing mitral regurgitation. This is the correct choice, as these are the primary areas affected, contributing to long-term complications like rheumatic heart disease.
Choice C reason: Contractility of the ventricles may be indirectly affected by myocarditis, but carditis primarily involves the myocardium and mitral valve. Focusing on contractility alone is too narrow, making this incorrect, as it does not fully capture the structures targeted in rheumatic carditis.
Choice D reason: Coronary arteries are not primarily affected in rheumatic carditis, which targets the myocardium and mitral valve. Coronary involvement is rare and not characteristic, making this incorrect, as the nurse should recognize the heart muscle and mitral valve as the primary areas.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Dairy products do not significantly interact with antilipemic drugs like statins, which are commonly used. They may affect dietary cholesterol but not drug metabolism. Grapefruit juice is a key interaction, making dairy an incorrect focus for teaching about antilipemic therapy drug-food interactions.
Choice B reason: Licorice may affect blood pressure or potassium but is not a primary concern for antilipemic therapy interactions. Grapefruit juice inhibits statin metabolism, increasing drug levels and side effect risks, making licorice an incorrect choice for this teaching focus compared to grapefruit juice.
Choice C reason: Oatmeal, rich in fiber, benefits cholesterol levels but does not interact adversely with antilipemic drugs like statins. Grapefruit juice is the critical interaction due to enzyme inhibition, making oatmeal an incorrect choice, as it lacks significant drug-food interaction with antilipemic therapy.
Choice D reason: Grapefruit juice inhibits the CYP3A4 enzyme, affecting statin metabolism, increasing drug levels, and risking toxicity like myopathy. This is a critical drug-food interaction for antilipemic therapy, making it the correct food to discuss in teaching to ensure safe medication use and avoid adverse effects.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Stabilizing an existing thrombus is not the primary goal of anticoagulant therapy, which focuses on preventing new clot formation. Thrombolytics dissolve clots, while anticoagulants inhibit clotting factors, making this incorrect, as prevention, not stabilization, is the main therapeutic objective.
Choice B reason: Dilating vessels is not an effect of anticoagulants, which inhibit clotting factors to prevent thrombus formation. Vasodilation is achieved by other drugs like nitrates, making this incorrect, as it does not align with the mechanism or goal of anticoagulant therapy.
Choice C reason: The primary goal of anticoagulant therapy is to prevent thrombus formation by inhibiting clotting factors, reducing the risk of thromboembolism in conditions like atrial fibrillation or DVT. This aligns with the therapeutic purpose, making it the correct goal for the nurse to understand.
Choice D reason: Dissolving existing thrombi is the role of thrombolytic therapy, not anticoagulants, which prevent new clots. Anticoagulants like heparin maintain clot stability but do not lyse clots, making this incorrect, as prevention is the primary focus of anticoagulant therapy.
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