A client has been diagnosed with depression. He asks the nurse what imbalances influence depression. Which of the following best explains the neurochemical processes responsible for depression?
Decreased glucocorticoid activity.
Increased activity of dopamine.
Decreased serotonin and norepinephrine activity.
Potentiating of the kindling process.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Glucocorticoid activity is related to stress response and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. While abnormalities here can contribute to depression, decreased glucocorticoid activity is not the primary neurochemical imbalance associated with depression.
Choice B reason: Increased dopamine activity is more commonly linked to conditions such as schizophrenia or mania. Depression is typically associated with reduced neurotransmitter activity, not increased dopamine.
Choice C reason: The most widely accepted neurochemical explanation for depression is decreased activity of serotonin and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters regulate mood, sleep, appetite, and energy. Deficits in their activity lead to the hallmark symptoms of depression, making this the correct answer.
Choice D reason: The kindling process refers to repeated stimulation of neural pathways that can lower the threshold for mood episodes, particularly in bipolar disorder. While it may play a role in mood disorders, it is not the primary explanation for depression’s neurochemical imbalance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: The short-term goal focuses on immediate behavioral changes. Helping the client express feelings verbally, acknowledge manipulative behavior, and stop initiating arguments addresses the root of manipulation. These steps promote healthier communication and reduce maladaptive interactions.
Choice B reason: Sustaining lasting relationships is a long-term goal. While important, it cannot be achieved until the client learns to manage manipulative behaviors. Without addressing immediate communication and behavior, lasting relationships are unlikely to be maintained.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Sleep disturbances are one of the hallmark symptoms of depression. Clients may experience insomnia, early morning awakening, or hypersomnia. These disturbances are part of the diagnostic criteria and significantly affect functioning.
Choice B reason: False is incorrect because sleep disturbances are indeed common in depression. Denying this symptom would overlook a critical aspect of the disorder that requires assessment and management.
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