A client is discussing prenatal nutrition and pregnancy safety with the nurse.
The client recognizes that toxoplasmosis is caused by and that accommodations should be made during pregnancy to avoid infection.

Choice A rationale

Screening for Group Beta Streptococcus (GBS) is routinely recommended for all pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation. This timing is chosen because it's close enough to delivery to be predictive of the client's GBS status during labor, but early enough to allow time for antibiotic administration if needed. This reduces the risk of neonatal GBS disease.

Choice B rationale

A positive GBS culture does not necessitate a cesarean section. The standard management for a GBS-positive client is the administration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. A cesarean section is typically performed only for standard obstetrical indications, not solely for GBS colonization, as the risk of transmission to the neonate is primarily during vaginal delivery.

Choice C rationale

GBS is not a viral infection; it is a type of bacterium commonly found in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Approximately 10-30% of pregnant women are colonized with GBS. While colonization is generally harmless to the mother, it can be transmitted to the fetus during birth, potentially causing severe illness like sepsis or pneumonia in the newborn.

Choice D rationale

Clients with risk factors such as previous GBS-positive pregnancy, prolonged rupture of membranes, or fever are not screened at 28 weeks. The standard screening is still conducted between 35 and 37 weeks. However, if a pregnant patient has GBS bacteriuria or a previous infant with GBS disease, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated regardless of their GBS status in the current pregnancy. .

Choice A rationale

Chlamydia trachomatis is a common bacterial sexually transmitted infection. While it can cause complications for the newborn, such as conjunctivitis and pneumonia, it is not considered one of the TORCH infections. The acronym TORCH stands for Toxoplasmosis, Other agents (like syphilis, parvovirus B19, varicella-zoster virus), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex virus. Chlamydia is not part of this specific group of congenital infections, although it is an important cause of neonatal morbidity.

Choice B rationale

Rabies is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system. Transmission to humans typically occurs through the bite of an infected animal. While rabies is a serious and often fatal disease, it is not a component of the TORCH infections. The TORCH infections are a specific group of pathogens known for their ability to cross the placenta and cause congenital malformations and other fetal health issues, a category that does not include rabies.

Choice C rationale

Influenza is a viral respiratory illness. While it can cause serious illness in pregnant women and has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight, it is not one of the designated TORCH infections. The TORCH group specifically includes agents that are known to cause a predictable pattern of congenital anomalies and neonatal diseases following transplacental transmission. Influenza does not typically fall into this category.

Choice D rationale

Varicella Zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of both chickenpox and shingles. It is included under the "O" (Other) in the TORCH acronym. If a pregnant woman contracts primary varicella infection, the virus can cross the placenta and cause congenital varicella syndrome. This syndrome can lead to serious congenital anomalies, including limb hypoplasia, neurological abnormalities, and ocular defects, making it a significant threat to the fetus. *.