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A client is having a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test. BUN level is:
Select one:

A.

decreased in renal disease and urinary obstruction.

B.

unchanged in renal disease

C.

increased in renal disease and urinary obstruction.

D.

decreased in nephrotic syndrome

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.  BUN typically increases, not decreases, in these conditions.
B. BUN levels usually rise in renal disease due to reduced kidney function and accumulation of nitrogenous waste.
C. Impaired kidney function and urinary obstruction decrease the excretion of urea, leading to elevated BUN levels in the blood.
D. While serum protein may be low in nephrotic syndrome, BUN is not typically decreased and may even be elevated if renal function is compromised.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Pain, even if radiating, does not impair cognitive ability or decision-making unless it is so severe that it alters mental status. This alone does not prevent the patient from signing informed consent.

B. Sedating medications, such as benzodiazepines or opioids, impair cognitive function, judgment, and decision-making capacity. Consent signed after sedation is not legally valid because the patient may not be fully aware or able to comprehend the risks, benefits, and alternatives.

C. Financial concerns may influence a patient’s decisions, but they do not legally invalidate informed consent as long as the patient remains mentally competent and unmedicated.

D. Age alone does not preclude a patient from providing informed consent. As long as the individual is mentally competent, they can legally consent regardless of age.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Heavy caffeine intake can increase gastric acid secretion and irritate the stomach lining, thus it is not recommended to prevent ulcers.

B. This is commonly advised to reduce irritation and promote healing in ulcer prevention.

C. These medications help reduce gastric acid and protect the stomach lining, aiding ulcer prevention.

D. Stress reduction can help decrease acid secretion and ulcer risk.

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