A client is prescribed a beta-lactam antibiotic. The nurse knows that which of the following antibiotics are in the beta-lactam class? Select all that apply. One, some, or all may be correct.
Tetracyclines
Carbapenems
Penicillin's
Cephalosporins
Vancomycin
Correct Answer : B,C,D
A. Tetracyclines.: Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. They do not contain a beta-lactam ring and therefore are not classified as beta-lactam antibiotics.
B. Carbapenems.: Carbapenems, such as imipenem and meropenem, are beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity. They work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and are often reserved for severe or resistant infections.
C. Penicillins.: Penicillins are the prototype beta-lactam antibiotics. Their beta-lactam ring structure disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis and death, making them effective against many gram-positive organisms.
D. Cephalosporins.: Cephalosporins also contain a beta-lactam ring and act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. They are structurally related to penicillins and are grouped into generations based on their antimicrobial coverage.
E. Vancomycin.: Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis but does not have a beta-lactam ring. It is used for serious infections caused by gram-positive organisms, including MRSA, and is not part of the beta-lactam antibiotic class.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Scopolamine.: Scopolamine is an anticholinergic primarily used to prevent motion sickness or postoperative nausea related to anesthesia. It is not the preferred agent for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting because it does not target serotonin receptors involved in chemotherapy-related emesis.
B. Metoclopramide.: Metoclopramide is a prokinetic and antiemetic that enhances gastric motility and is sometimes used for mild to moderate nausea. However, it is less effective against the severe nausea caused by chemotherapy and may cause extrapyramidal side effects
C. Methylcellulose.: Methylcellulose is a bulk-forming laxative used to treat constipation by increasing stool volume and water content. It has no antiemetic properties and would not be useful in preventing chemotherapy-related nausea or vomiting.
D. Ondansetron.: Ondansetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that effectively prevents chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Administering it 30–60 minutes before treatment blocks serotonin release from the gastrointestinal tract, reducing nausea severity.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Ototoxicity.: Ototoxicity is more commonly associated with aminoglycosides such as gentamicin or vancomycin, not tetracyclines. These drugs can damage the auditory nerve, but tetracyclines do not affect hearing or balance mechanisms in the inner ear.
B. Tooth discoloration.: Tetracyclines can bind to calcium in developing teeth and bones, causing permanent yellow-gray or brown discoloration. This effect is especially concerning in children under 8 years old, whose teeth and bones are still forming, making the drug contraindicated for pediatric use unless absolutely necessary.
C. Nephrotoxicity.: Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) can occur, especially with outdated tetracycline preparations or in patients with pre-existing renal issues, but it is not the primary reason for the drug's contraindication in children under 8 years old.
D. Hyperglycemia.: Tetracyclines have no known effect on blood glucose regulation. Hyperglycemia may occur with corticosteroids or certain antipsychotics but is not a recognized adverse reaction associated with tetracycline therapy.
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