A client is scheduled for a “total serum cholesterol” lab test.
Which instruction to the client should be discussed to ensure adequate preparation for the test?

Do not eat or drink for 12 hours prior to the test.

Eliminate all dietary cholesterol for one week before this test.

Avoid caffeinated beverages for several days prior to the test.

Stop eating eggs and drinking milk for two days before the test.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Do not eat or drink for 12 hours prior to the test. This is because fasting is required for a total serum cholesterol test to get accurate results. Fasting means not eating or drinking anything except water for 9 to 12 hours before the test.

Choice B is wrong because eliminating all dietary cholesterol for one week before the test is not necessary and will not affect the test results. Dietary cholesterol only accounts for a small portion of the total cholesterol in the blood.

Choice C is wrong because avoiding caffeinated beverages for several days prior to the test is not required and will not influence the test results. Caffeine does not affect cholesterol levels.

Choice D is wrong because stopping eating eggs and drinking milk for two days before the test is not needed and will not change the test results. Eggs and milk contain cholesterol, but they also have other nutrients that may lower the risk of heart disease.

Normal ranges for total serum cholesterol are less than 200 mg/dL (5.18 mmol/L) for adults. Higher levels may indicate an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Maintain trust and avoid behaviors that may increase agitation. This is because the client is likely experiencing a manic episode, which is characterized by increased activity, rapid speech, and decreased need for sleep. The nurse should use a calm and supportive approach, provide a safe and structured environment, and avoid confrontation or criticism.

Choice B is wrong because ordering the client to go to their room and alerting security would escalate the situation and violate the client’s rights.

Choice C is wrong because telling the client to sit down or risk isolation and loss of privileges would be threatening and punitive, which could increase the client’s agitation and anger.

Choice D is wrong because sedating the client after collecting a lithium level would be premature and inappropriate without a physician’s order and without assessing the client’s vital signs, mental status, and medication history. Lithium is a mood stabilizer that can cause toxicity if the level is too high.

A. The daughter will make all of the client’s health care decisions. B. No extraordinary means, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, will be initiated. C. The directive takes effect only if the client is incapable of personally making health care decisions. D. The closest relative, such as the spouse, must still be consulted before the daughter in making health care decisions.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The directive takes effect only if the client is incapable of personally making health care decisions. This statement demonstrates an understanding of health care proxy and care because it reflects the definition of a health care proxy as a person who can make health care decisions for the client only when the client is unable to communicate these themselves.

Choice A is wrong because the daughter does not have the authority to make all of the client’s health care decisions, only those that the client has not specified in advance or that are not covered by the living will.

Choice B is wrong because no extraordinary means, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, will be initiated only if the client has expressed this preference in a living will or a do-not-resuscitate order.

Choice D is wrong because the closest relative, such as the spouse, does not have to be consulted before the daughter in making health care decisions, unless the client has designated them as an alternate proxy.

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A client is scheduled for a “total serum cholesterol” lab test.
Which instruction to the client should be discussed to ensure adequate preparation for the test?