A client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus has a nursing diagnosis of Knowledge deficit: diabetes, medical regimen, diet, exercise, and self-care management skills. Which nursing goal is appropriate for this client?

A. To use the food pyramid for meal planning: The food pyramid may not be the most relevant tool in nutrition education. Often used are more detailed, individualized approaches like carb counting or plate method. This goal doesn’t address the client’s knowledge deficit.

B. To relate importance of an exercise program: An essential aspect of diabetes management is understanding the role of exercise in controlling blood glucose levels. This goal addresses the client’s need for knowledge about exercise as part of diabetes management.

C. To maintain current weight: While maintaining a healthy weight is important, this goal does not fully address the knowledge deficit about the client’s medical regimen, diet, and self-care management. It is more of an outcome rather than an educational goal.

D. To maintain vital signs within normal limits: Maintaining normal vital signs is important for overall health, but this goal does not directly relate to the client's understanding of how to manage their diabetes.

A. Hyperthyroidism: Hyperthyroidism occurs when there is excessive production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), often due to conditions such as Graves' disease. This is not consistent with the autoimmune destruction of enzymes needed to produce T3 and T4.

B. Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism occurs when there is insufficient production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), often due to damage or dysfunction of the thyroid. This does not result from autoimmune destruction of essential enzymes.

C. Cretinism: Cretinism is a form of hypothyroidism that occurs in infants and children, resulting from a lack of thyroid hormone during development. It is not typically associated with the autoimmune destruction of enzymes as described.

D. Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the body produces antibodies that attack the thyroid gland, specifically targeting the enzymes necessary for the production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). This leads to hypothyroidism.