The nurse is teaching the family about caring for their 7-year-old, who has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. What information should the nurse provide about this condition?
Characterized mainly by insulin resistance
Characterized mainly by insulin deficiency
Best managed through diet, exercise, and oral medication
Can be prevented by proper nutrition and monitoring blood glucose levels
The Correct Answer is B
A. Characterized mainly by insulin resistance: Insulin resistance is more characteristic of type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body is unable to produce insulin due to the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
B. Characterized mainly by insulin deficiency: Type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin deficiency due to the body's inability to produce insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. This is a life-long condition that requires insulin replacement for proper blood glucose control.
C. Best managed through diet, exercise, and oral medication: Type 1 diabetes cannot be managed with oral medication alone. It requires insulin injections or an insulin pump in addition to diet and exercise to control blood glucose levels.
D. Can be prevented by proper nutrition and monitoring blood glucose levels: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease and cannot be prevented through nutrition or blood glucose monitoring. Prevention strategies are more applicable to type 2 diabetes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism is characterized by symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, dry skin, and cold intolerance. The teen's symptoms of weight loss, nervousness, and bulging eyes are not typical of hypothyroidism.
B. Juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis: Juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis is typically associated with hypothyroidism and does not present with symptoms like weight loss, nervousness, or bulging eyes. It is more often characterized by fatigue, cold intolerance, and weight gain.
C. Hashimoto thyroid disease: Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder that often leads to hypothyroidism. The symptoms described (weight loss, nervousness, bulging eyes) do not align with Hashimoto's disease, which is generally linked to an underactive thyroid.
D. Graves' Disease: Graves' disease is a type of hyperthyroidism often characterized by weight loss, nervousness, bulging eyes (exophthalmos). The symptoms align with the presentation of this teen, and the low TSH level further supports the diagnosis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): DKA occurs when there is a lack of insulin, and the body starts breaking down fat for fuel, producing ketones. This leads to fruity breath, deep respirations (Kussmaul breathing), and dry, hot skin due to dehydration.
B. Hypoglycemia: Hypoglycemia presents with shakiness, sweating, and dizziness, but it does not cause fruity breath or deep respirations. These symptoms are more typical of DKA, which involves metabolic acidosis and abnormal respiratory patterns.
C. Rebound hyperglycemia: Rebound hyperglycemia, or the Somogyi effect, results from low blood sugar during the night, leading to a counter-regulatory hormone response. It does not cause fruity breath or deep respirations, which are characteristic of DKA.
D. An insulin reaction: An insulin reaction usually refers to hypoglycemia, characterized by symptoms like shakiness, sweating, and confusion. It does not explain the abdominal pain, fruity breath, or deep respirations, all indicative of DKA.
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