The nurse is teaching the family about caring for their 7-year-old, who has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. What information should the nurse provide about this condition?

Characterized mainly by insulin resistance

Characterized mainly by insulin deficiency

Best managed through diet, exercise, and oral medication

Can be prevented by proper nutrition and monitoring blood glucose levels

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Characterized mainly by insulin resistance: Insulin resistance is more characteristic of type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body is unable to produce insulin due to the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.

B. Characterized mainly by insulin deficiency: Type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin deficiency due to the body's inability to produce insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. This is a life-long condition that requires insulin replacement for proper blood glucose control.

C. Best managed through diet, exercise, and oral medication: Type 1 diabetes cannot be managed with oral medication alone. It requires insulin injections or an insulin pump in addition to diet and exercise to control blood glucose levels.

D. Can be prevented by proper nutrition and monitoring blood glucose levels: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease and cannot be prevented through nutrition or blood glucose monitoring. Prevention strategies are more applicable to type 2 diabetes.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Gives small continuous doses of regular insulin subcutaneously, and the client can self-administer a bolus with an additional dosage to coordinate with meals: The insulin pump delivers a basal dose of regular insulin continuously and allows the client to administer bolus doses of insulin during meals to manage blood glucose levels.

B. It is surgically attached to the pancreas and infuses with regular insulin into the pancreas, which in turn releases insulin into the bloodstream: The insulin pump is not surgically attached to the pancreas. It delivers insulin subcutaneously, not directly into the pancreas.

C. Is time-released programmed doses of regular or NPH insulin into the bloodstream at specific intervals: The pump delivers continuous regular insulin, not NPH. NPH insulin is not used in insulin pumps due to its longer action.

D. Continuously infuses small amounts of NPH insulin into the bloodstream while regularly monitoring blood glucose levels: NPH insulin is not used in insulin pumps due to its variable absorption rate. The pump typically uses regular insulin or rapid-acting insulins. Blood glucose is monitored separately, often by the client or with a continuous glucose monitor.

A. prevent diabetic coma B. improve nutrition C. improve carbohydrate metabolism D. prevent an insulin reaction

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Prevent diabetic coma: A diabetic coma (such as diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state) is not the primary concern related to insulin administration. It is associated with severe hyperglycemia, not with the need for a snack to balance insulin action.

B. Improve nutrition: While the snack may help with overall nutrition, it is not primarily intended to improve nutrition in this scenario. The goal is to maintain blood sugar levels within a safe range, particularly after insulin administration.

C. Improve carbohydrate metabolism: The primary goal of the mid-afternoon snack is not to directly impact carbohydrate metabolism. The snack is designed to maintain glucose levels after insulin has been administered.

D. Prevent an insulin reaction: The snack is likely provided to prevent hypoglycemia or an insulin reaction (low blood sugar). Humulin N insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin, and its peak action occurs several hours after administration. The snack helps prevent low blood sugar by providing a source of glucose to balance the insulin effect.

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The nurse is teaching the family about caring for their 7-year-old, who has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. What information should the nurse provide about this condition?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An external insulin pump is prescribed for a client with diabetes mellitus. The client asks the nurse about the functioning of the pump. The nurse bases the response on the information that the pump:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The physician orders a 1,800-calorie diabetic diet and 40 units of Humulin N insulin (an intermediate-acting insulin) administered subcutaneously @ 0700 for a patient with diabetes mellitus. A mid-afternoon snack of milk and crackers is given to

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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