A client presents with symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse anticipates that the most likely causative agent of this UTI based on the given information is:
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Staphylococcus aureus is incorrect. While S. aureus can occasionally cause urinary tract infections, it is not the most common causative agent. S. aureus UTIs are more often associated with catheterization, hospital-acquired infections, or bacteremia, rather than community-acquired uncomplicated UTIs.
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae is incorrect. S. pneumoniae primarily causes respiratory infections such as pneumonia, otitis media, and meningitis. It is rarely implicated in urinary tract infections, so it is not the likely pathogen in this scenario.
C. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is correct. E. coli is the most common causative agent of UTIs, responsible for approximately 75–95% of community-acquired infections. It normally resides in the gastrointestinal tract and can ascend the urethra to infect the bladder (cystitis) or kidneys (pyelonephritis). Symptoms often include dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency, suprapubic discomfort, and cloudy or foul-smelling urine.
D. Klebsiella pneumoniae is incorrect. K. pneumoniae can cause UTIs, particularly in hospitalized patients or those with indwelling catheters, but it is much less common than E. coli in community-acquired UTIs.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Decreased range of motion in the affected limb is correct. Contractures are permanent shortening of muscles, tendons, or ligaments that often develop after burn injuries, particularly when deep partial-thickness or full-thickness burns heal with significant scar tissue formation. As scar tissue forms and contracts, it limits joint mobility, leading to restricted range of motion, functional impairment, and deformity. Early recognition and intervention, such as physical therapy, splinting, and proper positioning, are essential to prevent or minimize contractures.
B. Increased muscle strength in the affected limb is incorrect. Contractures result in limited movement and stiffness, not enhanced muscle strength. An increase in strength would suggest recovery and rehabilitation rather than a complication of scarring.
C. Improved flexibility and joint movement is incorrect. Contractures reduce flexibility and impede joint movement. Improved flexibility would indicate successful healing and rehabilitation, not the development of a contracture.
D. Swelling and redness around the burn area is incorrect. While swelling and erythema may occur during the acute inflammatory phase of burn healing, they do not specifically indicate contracture formation. Contractures develop over time as scar tissue matures and tightens, rather than during initial inflammation.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood, making up about 55% of its volume. It consists primarily of water, electrolytes, proteins (such as albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen), hormones, and nutrients, and serves as the medium for transporting blood cells, waste products, and other substances throughout the body.
B. Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small cell fragments essential for blood clotting and hemostasis. They circulate in the plasma and aggregate at sites of vessel injury to form a temporary platelet plug, initiating the coagulation cascade.
C. Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, are the most abundant cell type in blood and are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs. They contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen and gives blood its red color.
D. Neurons is incorrect. Neurons are nerve cells found in the nervous system and are not a component of blood.
E. Bone cells, including osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, are found in bone tissue and do not circulate in the blood.
F. While bacteria may occasionally be present in the blood during infection (bacteremia), they are not a normal component of blood and their presence typically indicates a pathological condition.
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