A nurse is educating a client about complications of excessive scar formation. Which complications should be included? Select All That Apply
Keloid formation
Adhesions
Contractures
Increased hair growth
Enhanced skin elasticity
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Rationale:
A. Keloids are raised, thickened scars that extend beyond the boundaries of the original wound. They result from excessive collagen deposition during the healing process and can cause cosmetic concerns, itching, and discomfort.
B. Adhesions are bands of fibrous scar tissue that can form between internal organs or tissues following surgery, injury, or severe burns. They can restrict organ movement, cause pain, or lead to complications such as bowel obstruction, depending on their location.
C. Contractures occur when scar tissue tightens during healing, limiting joint mobility. This is a common complication of deep partial-thickness or full-thickness burns and can lead to functional impairment if not managed with physical therapy, splinting, or surgical intervention.
D. Excessive scar formation does not cause increased hair growth. In fact, scar tissue often lacks hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands, resulting in areas that may be hairless and less functional.
E. Scar tissue is generally less elastic than normal skin due to dense collagen deposition and abnormal alignment of fibers. Excessive scarring can lead to stiffness and limited flexibility rather than enhanced elasticity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Increased cardiac output leading to muscle fatigue is incorrect. Intermittent claudication is not caused by cardiac output. While the heart supplies blood to the muscles, the issue in claudication is localized arterial insufficiency, not systemic cardiac function.
B. Atherosclerosis leading to reduced blood flow to the muscles is correct. Intermittent claudication occurs when arterial blood flow to the leg muscles is insufficient during exercise. Atherosclerotic plaques narrow or occlude peripheral arteries, reducing oxygen delivery to the muscles during increased activity. This oxygen deficit results in pain, cramping, and fatigue, which typically resolves with rest when oxygen demand decreases. Claudication is a hallmark symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD).
C. Decreased oxygen demand in the leg muscles is incorrect. The symptom arises because oxygen demand exceeds supply, not because demand decreases. The muscles are actively working during exercise, which increases oxygen requirements, revealing the underlying ischemia caused by arterial obstruction.
D. Increased venous pressure causing fluid accumulation in the legs is incorrect. Venous insufficiency can cause edema and heaviness, but it does not produce the characteristic exercise-induced pain of intermittent claudication. Claudication is primarily an arterial problem rather than a venous one.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. An embolism refers to the obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot, air bubble, fat, or other material that travels through the bloodstream. While an embolism can result from atherosclerotic plaque rupture, the term itself does not describe the process of plaque buildup.
B. Atherosclerosis is the progressive accumulation of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances (plaque) on the inner walls of arteries. This buildup causes narrowing and stiffening of the arteries, which can lead to reduced blood flow, ischemia, and increased risk of heart attack or stroke. It is a key underlying pathology in many cardiovascular diseases.
C. Arrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm, which may be too fast, too slow, or irregular. It is related to electrical conduction issues in the heart, not plaque formation in blood vessels.
D. Hypertension is elevated blood pressure, which can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis over time, but it is not synonymous with plaque buildup itself.
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