A client takes 1000mg of acetaminophen orally to treat the pain associated with a tension headache. After passing through the liver, only 800mg of acetaminophen reaches the blood and circulates throughout the body. What term is used to describe the percentage of a dose that reaches systemic circulation?
Peak concentration
First-pass effect
Bioavailability
Drug potency
The Correct Answer is C
A. Peak concentration: This refers to the highest plasma concentration of a drug achieved after administration. While important for evaluating drug absorption and timing of effects, it does not specifically describe the percentage of a drug dose that successfully enters systemic circulation.
B. First-pass effect: This describes the process where drugs are metabolized in the liver before reaching systemic circulation, reducing the active drug available. The term first-pass effect refers to the process itself, not the percentage that enters circulation.
C. Bioavailability: This term describes the fraction or percentage of an administered dose that reaches systemic circulation in its active form. In the example, 800 mg of the 1000 mg dose entered circulation, meaning the bioavailability is 80%.
D. Drug potency: Potency refers to the amount of drug needed to produce a specific therapeutic effect, not the percentage of drug reaching systemic circulation. Therefore, it does not apply to the calculation or description of systemic drug levels.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hematuria due to bladder cancer: Saw palmetto has no role in treating hematuria or bladder malignancies. Its effects target benign prostatic enlargement rather than bleeding or malignant conditions of the urina ry tract.
B. Post surgical urinary retention: Urinary retention after surgery is usually related to anesthesia or mechanical obstruction and is treated with catheterization or medical management, not herbal supplements like saw palmetto.
C. Nocturia due to prostatic hypertrophy: Saw palmetto is commonly used to manage symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), such as nocturia, urinary hesitancy, and decreased urinary flow. It is believed to work by inhibiting 5-alpha-reductase and reducing prostate tissue swelling.
D. Pain from cystitis: Cystitis, or bladder inflammation, is typically caused by infection and requires antimicrobial therapy. Saw palmetto does not have antibacterial or anti-inflammatory effects strong enough to relieve pain or inflammation from cystitis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Used to treat menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes: Black cohosh is commonly used to relieve menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and vaginal dryness. It acts on estrogen receptors and may help balance hormonal fluctuations without true estrogenic activity.
B. Used as an anti-inflammatory in arthritic conditions: While some herbs like turmeric or willow bark have anti-inflammatory properties, black cohosh is not primarily indicated for arthritis. Its effects are more hormonal than anti-inflammatory in nature.
C. Used as a treatment for migraine headache: Black cohosh is not used to prevent or treat migraines. Herbs such as feverfew are more commonly recommended for migraine management due to their vascular and anti-inflammatory effects.
D. Used as a treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy: Black cohosh has no known benefits for prostate health. Saw palmetto is the herbal supplement more often associated with reducing symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.