Stevens-Johnson syndrome is best described as:
An adverse medication effect resulting in blistering and peeling of skin.
An adverse medication effect resulting in a yellow discoloration of the eyes.
An adverse medication effect resulting in nephrotoxicity and reduced urine output.
An adverse medication effect resulting in pulmonary toxicity and hypoxemia.
The Correct Answer is A
A. An adverse medication effect resulting in blistering and peeling of skin: Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare but severe hypersensitivity reaction often triggered by medications. It is characterized by painful blistering, peeling of the skin, and involvement of mucous membranes.
B. An adverse medication effect resulting in a yellow discoloration of the eyes: Yellowing of the eyes indicates jaundice, which is commonly linked to hepatotoxicity. While some drugs can cause liver injury, this finding does not describe Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
C. An adverse medication effect resulting in nephrotoxicity and reduced urine output: Nephrotoxicity is kidney-related damage that reduces renal function. Certain drugs such as aminoglycosides can cause this, but it is unrelated to the dermatologic presentation of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
D. An adverse medication effect resulting in pulmonary toxicity and hypoxemia: Pulmonary toxicity can occur with medications such as amiodarone, leading to hypoxemia, but this does not describe Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which primarily affects the skin and mucous membranes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Genetics: Genetic variations can alter enzyme activity responsible for drug metabolism, such as differences in cytochrome P450 enzyme expression. These variations may cause drugs to be metabolized too quickly or too slowly, impacting both therapeutic effectiveness and risk of toxicity.
B. Drug-protein binding: Protein binding affects drug distribution, not metabolism. Highly protein-bound drugs may have altered bioavailability, but their rate of chemical breakdown in the liver is determined by metabolic enzyme activity rather than binding to plasma proteins.
C. Liver health: The liver is the primary organ for drug metabolism. Conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or fatty liver disease reduce enzymatic activity, slowing drug clearance and increasing the potential for drug accumulation and toxicity.
D. Client age: Age significantly influences metabolism because newborns have immature hepatic enzyme systems, while older adults experience reduced liver mass and blood flow. These changes can alter how quickly or effectively drugs are metabolized.
E. Dosing frequency: The frequency of dosing affects plasma concentration and steady-state levels but does not directly influence the body’s ability to metabolize drugs. Metabolic capacity is determined by enzymatic and physiological factors, not by how often a drug is administered.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Stimulates the immune system: Echinacea is most commonly used to enhance immune function and is often taken to reduce the severity or duration of colds and other respiratory infections. Its role in supporting immune activity makes this the most likely reason the patient is taking it.
B. Reduces acid reflux into esophagus: Acid reflux management is typically achieved with medications like proton pump inhibitors or lifestyle changes. Echinacea does not have therapeutic properties shown to reduce gastric acid or prevent reflux into the esophagus.
C. Improves memory loss in dementia: Herbs such as ginkgo biloba are sometimes used for cognitive support, but echinacea has not been shown to improve memory or slow the progression of dementia-related symptoms.
D. Improves oxygen exchange in the lungs: Lung oxygen exchange is enhanced by pulmonary medications such as bronchodilators or corticosteroids. Echinacea does not have properties that improve alveolar gas exchange.
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