A client who is unconscious is brought by ambulance to the emergency department following an automobile accident. The nurse observes bleeding from the nose and the client's vital signs on arrival are: heart rate 100 beats/minute, respirations 16 breaths/minute, and blood pressure 130/76 mm Hg. Which assessment finding warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?
Blood pressure decreases to 110/64 mm Hg.
Pupils 3 mm with sluggish response.
Halo around blood dropped on gauze.
Clots of blood forming within nares.
The Correct Answer is C
A. A decrease in blood pressure to 110/64 mm Hg is a mild change and may reflect early hemodynamic shifts, but it is not immediately life-threatening in this context. While ongoing monitoring is important, this finding does not require immediate intervention compared with more urgent neurological concerns.
B. Pupils measuring 3 mm with a sluggish response indicates some neurological compromise, but it is a moderate finding. It warrants close observation for signs of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) but is not as immediately critical as evidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, which can lead to rapid complications.
C. A halo around blood dropped on gauze is correct. This finding indicates the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), suggesting a possible basilar skull fracture. CSF leakage increases the risk of meningitis and brain herniation, and requires immediate intervention to protect the client’s airway, prevent infection, and coordinate urgent imaging and neurosurgical evaluation. This finding is the most urgent and directly threatens the client’s safety.
D. Clots of blood forming within the nares are common in minor nasal trauma or epistaxis and do not signify a life-threatening complication. While the nurse should monitor bleeding, this finding is not immediately dangerous compared with CSF leakage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["60"]
Explanation
Step 1: Identify codeine concentration
12 mg per 5 mL
Step 2: Use the formula
Codeine per dose = (Dose volume ÷ 5 mL) × 12 mg
Step 3: Insert values
= (25 ÷ 5) × 12
Step 4: Calculate
= 5 × 12
= 60 mg
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"A"}
Explanation
Rationale for correct choices:
• New onset angina: The client presents with chest pain described as pressure and tightness that started during activity (mowing the lawn) and was unrelieved by rest, which is consistent with unstable angina. The ECG shows ST depression, which is indicative of myocardial ischemia rather than infarction. Since troponin levels are normal, myocardial cell death has not occurred, confirming that this is likely new-onset or unstable angina rather than a myocardial infarction.
• Troponin: Troponin T and I are cardiac biomarkers used to detect myocardial injury. In this client, both troponin levels are within normal limits, indicating no myocardial necrosis has occurred, which helps differentiate angina from a myocardial infarction.
Rationale for incorrect choices:
• Myocardial infarction: Myocardial infarction is characterized by prolonged chest pain with ECG changes and elevated troponin levels indicating cardiac muscle damage. This client’s troponin levels are normal, so myocardial infarction is unlikely at this time.
• Aortic aneurysm: Aortic aneurysm typically presents with sudden, severe, and tearing chest or back pain, often radiating to the back, and is not associated with ST depression on ECG. This presentation does not fit that diagnosis.
• International normalized ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT): These are measures of blood coagulation and are not relevant for diagnosing myocardial ischemia or angina. Troponin is the specific biomarker needed to assess myocardial injury.
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