A client with a diagnosis of sepsis is prescribed an antibiotic that kills bacteria. What type of antibiotic is this?

Bacteriostatic

Bactericidal

Disinfectant

Bacterial resistant

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Bacteriostatic.: Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction but do not directly kill the organisms. They allow the immune system to eliminate the remaining bacteria, which may not be sufficient for severe infections like sepsis.

B. Bactericidal.: Bactericidal antibiotics destroy bacteria by interfering with essential cellular functions such as cell wall synthesis or DNA replication. These agents are preferred in life-threatening infections like sepsis because they rapidly reduce bacterial load and prevent further toxin release.

C. Disinfectant.: Disinfectants are chemical agents used on non-living surfaces to kill microorganisms. They are not used internally or systemically in humans due to their toxicity, making them inappropriate for treating infections such as sepsis.

D. Bacterial resistant.: The term “bacterial resistant” refers to microorganisms that have developed mechanisms to survive exposure to antibiotics. It describes a bacterial trait, not a type of antibiotic, and therefore cannot classify the drug prescribed.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Decreased urine output.: A reduction in urine output is a critical finding because gentamicin is nephrotoxic and can cause acute kidney injury by damaging renal tubule cells. Early signs of nephrotoxicity include oliguria, increased serum creatinine, and elevated BUN levels.

B. Mild nausea.: Nausea is a relatively common and mild side effect of many antibiotics, including gentamicin. It does not usually indicate toxicity and can often be managed with supportive care or by adjusting administration timing.

C. Slightly elevated heart rate.: A mild increase in heart rate may occur due to infection, fever, or stress, but it is not directly linked to gentamicin toxicity. The nurse should continue to monitor vital signs but prioritize assessment of renal and auditory function.

D. Headache.: Headache can occur with antibiotic therapy or as a symptom of infection but is generally not an urgent finding. The primary toxicities are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, making renal assessment findings such as decreased urine output the highest priority.

A. Prokinetic drugs, such as metoclopramide (Reglan) B. Serotonin blockers, such as ondansetron (Zofran). C. Anticholinergic drugs, such as scopolamine. D. Neuroleptic drugs, such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine).

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Prokinetic drugs, such as metoclopramide (Reglan).: Metoclopramide enhances gastric motility by increasing acetylcholine activity in the gastrointestinal tract, which accelerates gastric emptying and reduces nausea. It is the drug of choice for delayed gastric emptying (gastroparesis).

B. Serotonin blockers, such as ondansetron (Zofran).: Ondansetron works by blocking serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone to prevent nausea and vomiting. It does not stimulate gastric motility or correct delayed gastric emptying.

C. Anticholinergic drugs, such as scopolamine.: Anticholinergics inhibit parasympathetic stimulation, which decreases gastrointestinal motility and secretions. They would worsen delayed gastric emptying by further slowing peristalsis.

D. Neuroleptic drugs, such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine).: Chlorpromazine acts on dopamine receptors to reduce nausea and vomiting but has significant sedative and extrapyramidal effects. It does not promote gastric motility.

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A client with a diagnosis of sepsis is prescribed an antibiotic that kills bacteria. What type of antibiotic is this?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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