A client with congestive heart failure is prescribed a loop diuretic. The nurse should closely monitor the client for which electrolyte imbalance associated with this medication?

Hyponatremia

Hypocalcemia

Hyperkalemia

Hypokalemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) This choice is incorrect because loop diuretics can lead to increased sodium excretion, potentially causing hypernatremia (high sodium levels) rather than hyponatremia (low sodium levels).

B) This choice is incorrect because loop diuretics do not typically cause hypocalcemia (low calcium levels). They primarily affect sodium, potassium, and water excretion.

C) This choice is incorrect because loop diuretics are more likely to cause hypokalemia (low potassium levels) rather than hyperkalemia (high potassium levels). Loop diuretics can increase potassium excretion, leading to a potential deficiency.

D) This choice is correct. Loop diuretics are potent potassium-wasting diuretics, meaning they increase potassium excretion in the urine, potentially causing hypokalemia. The nurse should closely monitor the client's potassium levels and provide potassium supplementation if necessary.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) This choice is incorrect because a narrowed mediastinum is not a characteristic finding in congestive heart failure. The mediastinum is the central region of the chest, and its width is not specifically related to CHF.

B) This choice is incorrect because hyperinflated lungs are a characteristic finding in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), not congestive heart failure.

C) This choice is correct. Cardiomegaly, an enlarged heart, is a common finding in congestive heart failure. The heart may appear enlarged on a chest X-ray due to fluid accumulation and strain on the heart muscle.

D) This choice is incorrect because a normal cardiac silhouette on a chest X-ray would not be indicative of congestive heart failure. The presence of cardiomegaly is more suggestive of heart failure.

A. Hypertension B. Diabetes mellitus C. Smoking history D. Family history of heart disease

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) This choice is correct. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a significant risk factor for congestive heart failure (CHF). Prolonged hypertension can lead to the heart's increased workload, causing it to weaken over time and eventually leading to CHF. The client's symptoms of fatigue, difficulty breathing, and nocturia (frequent urination at night) are common manifestations of CHF resulting from uncontrolled hypertension.

B) This choice is incorrect because diabetes mellitus, while a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is not directly associated with the symptoms described by the client. However, diabetes can exacerbate CHF if the client's blood glucose levels are not well-controlled.

C) This choice is incorrect because smoking history is a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, but it is not specifically linked to the symptoms reported by the client in this case.

D) This choice is incorrect because a family history of heart disease may increase the client's risk of developing CHF, but it does not directly contribute to the current symptoms the client is experiencing.

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A client with congestive heart failure is prescribed a loop diuretic. The nurse should closely monitor the client for which electrolyte imbalance associated with this medication?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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