A congenital condition resulting in blockage of the large intestine due to decreased peristalsis in the bowel and caused by a lack of innervation is referred to as:
intussusception.
Hirschsprung's disease.
gastroschisis.
Crohn's disease.
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Intussusception occurs when one segment of the intestine telescopes into another, causing obstruction, but it is not related to innervation defects.
B. Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital condition characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in segments of the colon, leading to decreased peristalsis and functional obstruction of the large intestine.
C. Gastroschisis is a congenital abdominal wall defect where the intestines protrude outside the abdomen; it is not caused by lack of innervation.
D. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that occurs later in life and is not congenital or caused by missing innervation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A micropenis and jitterness are more characteristic of congenital hypopituitarism or other endocrine disorders, not primary congenital hypothyroidism.
B. Vomiting, lethargy, and poor feeding are nonspecific and could indicate many neonatal conditions but do not specifically point to congenital hypothyroidism.
C. Decreased activity, a large anterior fontanel, and poor feeding are classic signs of congenital hypothyroidism. Infants may also present with hypotonia, prolonged jaundice, constipation, and a hoarse cry. Early detection is critical to prevent growth retardation and intellectual disability.
D. Rapid heart rate, irritability, and frequent stools are more suggestive of hyperthyroidism or other metabolic conditions, not hypothyroidism.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Isolation from daycare is generally recommended while the child is symptomatic to prevent transmission, but a fixed 7-day period is not always necessary; symptom resolution varies.
B. Antipyretics should be given as needed for fever or discomfort, not routinely every 4 hours for multiple days.
C. Acute bronchiolitis typically presents with symptoms that peak within 1–3 days, with gradual improvement. Most children experience complete resolution within 10–14 days, which is important for caregivers to understand to prevent unnecessary concern or overuse of medications.
D. Antibiotics are not indicated for viral bronchiolitis, even if nasal discharge becomes purulent, as the infection is viral and antibiotics are ineffective.
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