A congenital condition resulting in blockage of the large intestine due to decreased peristalsis in the bowel and caused by a lack of innervation is referred to as:
intussusception.
Hirschsprung's disease.
gastroschisis.
Crohn's disease.
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Intussusception occurs when one segment of the intestine telescopes into another, causing obstruction, but it is not related to innervation defects.
B. Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital condition characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in segments of the colon, leading to decreased peristalsis and functional obstruction of the large intestine.
C. Gastroschisis is a congenital abdominal wall defect where the intestines protrude outside the abdomen; it is not caused by lack of innervation.
D. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that occurs later in life and is not congenital or caused by missing innervation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Lateral epicondylitis, or “tennis elbow,” causes pain on the lateral (outside) aspect of the elbow, typically worsened with wrist extension against resistance.
B. Medial epicondylitis, or “little league elbow,” causes pain on the medial (inside) aspect of the elbow, which is aggravated by wrist flexion against resistance. This is common in young athletes who perform repetitive throwing motions, such as baseball pitchers.
C. Ulnar collateral ligament injury involves instability of the elbow and pain with valgus stress, rather than isolated pain with wrist flexion.
D. Arthritis in the elbow is uncommon in an 11-year-old and typically presents with chronic pain, swelling, and decreased range of motion, not acute pain following pitching.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Hourly urine output helps monitor ongoing fluid status but is not the primary factor for calculating initial fluid replacement.
B. The percentage of weight loss is the most important factor for determining the degree of dehydration and the corresponding rate of fluid replacement. It provides an objective measure of fluid deficit and guides accurate rehydration.
C. Clinical signs of dehydration (e.g., dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor) are useful for assessment but are less precise than weight loss for calculating fluid needs.
D. The type of dehydration based on serum sodium concentrations influences the composition of fluids (isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic) rather than the overall rate of replacement.
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