When assessing an infant suspected of having the most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the nurse practitioner should expect to observe:
genital ambiguity.
hyperglycemia.
hypokalemia.
Hyponatremia
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. The most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is 21-hydroxylase deficiency. In female infants, this often results in genital ambiguity due to excess androgen production in utero, leading to virilization.
B. Hyperglycemia is not typical in CAH; infants may instead present with hypoglycemia due to salt-wasting crises in severe forms.
C. Hypokalemia is uncommon; CAH typically presents with hyperkalemia in salt-wasting forms due to aldosterone deficiency.
D. Hyponatremia can occur in salt-wasting CAH, but the most immediately observable sign in a newborn is genital ambiguity in affected females.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Gentian violet can be used for fungal infections but is less preferred due to staining and potential irritation, especially in infants.
B. Oral fluconazole is generally reserved for severe or widespread Candida infections, or when topical therapy fails; it is not first-line for uncomplicated diaper-area candidiasis.
C. Topical clotrimazole, applied three times daily for 7 days, is the treatment of choice for localized Candida albicans infections in the diaper area. It is effective, safe, and well-tolerated in infants.
D. Topical hydrocortisone may reduce inflammation but does not treat the underlying fungal infection and may worsen Candida overgrowth if used alone.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Amoxicillin (Amoxil) is sometimes used for prophylaxis in young children, but its efficacy against common urinary pathogens and resistance patterns is lower compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
B. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is not typically recommended for routine prophylaxis in children due to potential adverse effects on developing cartilage.
C. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim) is the preferred first-line antibiotic for prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux. It is effective against E. coli and other common urinary pathogens, has a favorable safety profile, and is widely used in this age group for long-term low-dose prophylaxis.
D. Cephalexin (Keflex) can be used in some cases but is generally considered second-line compared with Bactrim for continuous prophylaxis.
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