A decrease in which neurotransmitter, produced in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem, can result in depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Glutamate
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is involved in learning, memory, and neuroplasticity. While dysregulation of glutamate has been implicated in mood disorders, it is not produced in the raphe nuclei and is not the primary neurotransmitter associated with depression, anxiety, or OCD.
Choice B reason: Acetylcholine plays a role in attention, learning, and memory. It is not synthesized in the raphe nuclei and is more commonly associated with neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease rather than mood or anxiety disorders.
Choice C reason: Serotonin is synthesized in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem and is critically involved in mood regulation, anxiety control, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. A deficiency in serotonin transmission has been strongly linked to depression, anxiety disorders, and OCD. This neurotransmitter is the target of many antidepressants, including SSRIs, which aim to increase its availability in the synaptic cleft.
Choice D reason: Norepinephrine is involved in arousal, alertness, and the stress response. Although it plays a role in mood disorders, it is primarily produced in the locus coeruleus, not the raphe nuclei. Its deficiency is more closely associated with fatigue and concentration issues in depression rather than obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Reporting to the state board is not appropriate unless there is a breach of professional conduct. Countertransference is a clinical issue best managed internally.
Choice B reason: Supervisory consultation is the standard and most effective method for addressing countertransference. It allows for reflection, guidance, and professional development without compromising client care.
Choice C reason: While individual therapy may help clinicians explore personal issues contributing to countertransference, it is not the primary method for managing it in clinical practice.
Choice D reason: Discharging the client prematurely due to countertransference may harm the therapeutic alliance and is not considered best practice unless absolutely necessary.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Bupropion is not considered teratogenic and may be continued during pregnancy if clinically indicated. It is often used for depression and smoking cessation and does not pose significant risk to fetal development.
Choice B reason: Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and is commonly used during pregnancy. While all medications carry some risk, sertraline is generally considered safe and is often preferred for treating depression and anxiety in pregnant patients.
Choice C reason: Herbal products and supplements vary widely in safety and efficacy. While some may be contraindicated in pregnancy, the question asks for a specific medication that must be stopped, making this option less precise.
Choice D reason: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine and is associated with risks during pregnancy, including fetal sedation, withdrawal symptoms, and potential teratogenic effects. It is generally avoided unless absolutely necessary, making it the correct answer in this context.
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