Which nurse developed the Theory of Interpersonal Relationships, often known as therapeutic nurse-client relationship theory?
Jean Watson
Dorothy Orem
Madeline Leininger
Hildegard Peplau
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Jean Watson is known for the Theory of Human Caring, which emphasizes the spiritual and emotional dimensions of nursing care, not interpersonal relationships.
Choice B reason: Dorothy Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, which focuses on the individual's ability to care for themselves and the nurse's role in supporting that capacity.
Choice C reason: Madeline Leininger is recognized for her Transcultural Nursing Theory, which integrates cultural understanding into nursing practice.
Choice D reason: Hildegard Peplau is the founder of the Theory of Interpersonal Relationships in nursing. Her model emphasizes the therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient as central to psychiatric nursing and includes phases such as orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Chocolate contains small amounts of tyramine and phenylethylamine, which may pose a mild risk when consumed in large quantities while on MAOIs. However, it is not considered a high-risk food requiring complete avoidance. Moderation is generally advised, but it is not strictly prohibited.
Choice B reason: Coffee does not contain significant levels of tyramine and is not contraindicated with MAOIs. While caffeine may exacerbate anxiety or insomnia, it does not interact dangerously with MAOIs in the same way tyramine-rich foods do.
Choice C reason: Cheddar cheese is an aged cheese and contains high levels of tyramine, which can lead to hypertensive crisis when consumed with MAOIs. Tyramine is normally broken down by monoamine oxidase, but when this enzyme is inhibited, tyramine accumulates and can cause dangerous spikes in blood pressure. Therefore, aged cheeses like cheddar must be strictly avoided.
Choice D reason: Potato chips are not fermented or aged and do not contain significant tyramine levels. They are not contraindicated with MAOIs, although excessive salt or fat intake may be discouraged for general health reasons.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Duloxetine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that can be used for depression and pain. However, it has moderate CYP2D6 inhibition, which may interfere with tamoxifen metabolism and reduce its efficacy.
Choice B reason: Venlafaxine is an SNRI with minimal CYP2D6 inhibition. It is effective for depression and also helps alleviate hot flashes, making it the most appropriate choice for this patient.
Choice C reason: Bupropion is a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor and a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor. It can significantly reduce the conversion of tamoxifen to its active metabolite, endoxifen, thereby compromising its therapeutic effect.
Choice D reason: Fluoxetine is a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor and should be avoided in patients taking tamoxifen due to the risk of reducing its efficacy in preventing breast cancer recurrence.
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