A diabetic patient's ABG results indicate metabolic acidosis. Which clinical finding would the nurse expect?

Kussmaul respirations

Peripheral edema

Hypertension

Bradycardia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale:
A. Kussmaul respirations are deep, rapid breathing that occur as a compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis (commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis). The body attempts to blow off excess CO₂ to reduce acidity.
B. Peripheral edema is not a feature of metabolic acidosis; it is usually related to fluid overload or right-sided heart failure.
C. Hypertension is not an expected finding; in fact, metabolic acidosis may be associated with hypotension due to vasodilation and dehydration in diabetic ketoacidosis.
D. Bradycardia is not typical; severe acidosis may cause arrhythmias, but tachycardia is more common initially as the body compensates.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Avoiding all physical activity is not recommended. Moderate activity, with rest periods, can improve endurance and lung function in COPD patients. Complete inactivity worsens deconditioning.
B. A high-carbohydrate diet is not appropriate because it increases CO₂ production during metabolism, which can worsen respiratory acidosis. A diet higher in fat and protein is generally preferred.
C. Pursed-lip breathing exercises are essential for COPD patients. They help prevent airway collapse, improve ventilation, promote CO₂ elimination, and reduce dyspnea.
D. Restricting fluids is not typically indicated for COPD patients unless another condition (e.g., heart failure) requires it. Adequate hydration is necessary to thin secretions and aid airway clearance.

A. Use standard precautions when caring for the patient. B. Implement airborne precautions immediately. C. Educate the patient about preventing soil disturbance. D. Place the patient in a negative pressure room.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Standard precautions are appropriate because coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) is not transmitted from person to person. Infection occurs through inhalation of spores from disturbed soil, so routine care requires standard precautions.
B. Airborne precautions and a negative pressure room are not necessary because the infection is not contagious between humans.
C. Educating the patient about preventing soil disturbance is important for prevention in the community but is not the immediate infection control measure for hospital staff.
D. Negative pressure rooms are only required for airborne pathogens that pose a risk of human-to-human transmission, which does not apply to coccidioidomycosis.

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A diabetic patient's ABG results indicate metabolic acidosis. Which clinical finding would the nurse expect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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