A nurse is assessing a client who has COPD. The nurse should expect the client's chest to be which of the following shapes?
Barrel
Kyphotic
Funnel
Pigeon
The Correct Answer is A
A. Barrel shape: In COPD, the chest often assumes a barrel shape due to hyperinflation of the lungs. This is characterized by an increased anterior-posterior diameter, resulting in a more rounded appearance of the chest.
B. Kyphotic: A kyphotic shape refers to an exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic spine. It is not a characteristic chest shape associated with COPD.
C. Funnel: A funnel chest (pectus excavatum) is a depression or hollowing of the chest wall, and it is not typically associated with COPD.
D. Pigeon: A pigeon chest (pectus carinatum) is a deformity in which the chest protrudes outward. It is not a characteristic chest shape associated with COPD.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Aplastic anemia results in an inability to absorb vitamin B12: This statement is incorrect. Aplastic anemia is not related to the absorption of vitamin B12. It primarily involves a decrease in the production of blood cells by the bone marrow.
B. Aplastic anemia results from decreased bone marrow production of RBCs: This is the correct information. Aplastic anemia is a condition characterized by the failure of the bone marrow to produce an adequate number of blood cells, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.
C. Aplastic anemia results in an increased rate of RBC destruction: This statement is incorrect. Aplastic anemia is not associated with an increased rate of RBC destruction. Instead, it is characterized by a reduction in the number of blood cells produced by the bone marrow.
D. Aplastic anemia is associated with a decreased intake of iron: This statement is incorrect. Aplastic anemia is not related to a decreased intake of iron. It is primarily a disorder of bone marrow function leading to insufficient production of blood cells.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. A friction rub:A friction rub is a sound caused by the rubbing of inflamed pericardial layers and is not classified as a heart sound like S1 or S2. It is unrelated to the sequence of heart sounds.
B. A split second heart sound S₂:A split S₂ occurs during the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves and is heard after S1, not before.
C. The third heart sound (S3):S3, or the ventricular gallop, occurs shortly after S2 during early diastole and indicates rapid ventricular filling. It is not heard before S1.
D. The fourth heart sound (S4):S4, known as the "atrial gallop," occurs just before S1 during atrial contraction. It is associated with a stiff or hypertrophied ventricle and is often indicative of underlying heart disease, especially in older adults.
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