A home health nurse is caring for a client who has emphysema and has difficulty with mobility. The client spends most of his day in a reclining chair. Which of the following physiological responses to prolonged immobility should the nurse expect?

Increased calcium excretion

Decreased sodium excretion

Increased insulin production

Decreased RBC production

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Prolonged immobility leads to bone demineralization, causing increased calcium excretion in the urine, which can contribute to osteoporosis and kidney stone formation.
B. Sodium excretion is not significantly decreased solely due to immobility; fluid balance may be affected, but this is not a primary response.
C. Immobility does not increase insulin production; in fact, decreased physical activity can contribute to insulin resistance over time.
D. Red blood cell production may decrease slightly due to reduced erythropoietin stimulation from immobility, but increased calcium excretion is a more direct and expected physiological response.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Uneven cast drying can cause warm spots, but this is expected only in the first few hours after application; a set, dry cast should not feel warm.
B. Pressure from the cast can cause pain, skin breakdown, or impaired circulation, but it does not usually produce warmth.
C. A localized warm area on a dry cast can indicate infection underneath the cast, often accompanied by odor, drainage, or client complaints of pain.
D. Poor circulation is associated with coolness, pallor, or numbness distal to the cast, not warmth.

A. Take the calcium supplement with whole grain cereal at breakfast B. Take vitamin D supplements. C. Take the calcium supplement on an empty stomach. D. Take with zinc-rich foods.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Whole grain cereals contain phytates, which can bind calcium and decrease its absorption; this is not recommended.
B. Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption in the gut and is recommended for clients taking calcium supplements, making this correct.
C. Calcium can be taken with or without food, but absorption may be better when taken with meals, not strictly on an empty stomach.
D. Zinc-rich foods do not significantly enhance calcium absorption; focus should be on vitamin D and adequate dietary calcium.

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A home health nurse is caring for a client who has emphysema and has difficulty with mobility. The client spends most of his day in a reclining chair. Which of the following physiological responses to prolonged immobility should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

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