A new mom delivered her baby 2 months ago.
The baby's father calls into the office to report that his wife is angry.
She is confused and having conversations with herself.
What is the appropriate response that the nurse should make?

Choice A rationale:

Identification of fetal heartbeat (Choice A) is a positive sign of pregnancy. This can be detected using a Doppler device or ultrasound, confirming the presence of a living fetus.

Choice B rationale:

Palpation of fetal outline (Choice B) is another positive sign of pregnancy. Experienced healthcare providers can palpate the fetus through the abdominal wall, feeling its shape and movements.

Choice D rationale:

Verification of fetal movement (Choice D) is also a positive sign of pregnancy. Feeling fetal movements, known as quickening, is an indication of a viable pregnancy.

Choice E rationale:

A positive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test (Choice E) confirms pregnancy. hCG is a hormone produced by the placenta and is present in the blood and urine of pregnant women.

Choice C rationale:

Visualization of the fetus (Choice C) through methods like ultrasound is a positive sign of pregnancy, but it is not typically used for diagnosis in early pregnancy. Palpation of fetal outline and identification of fetal heartbeat are more reliable positive signs.

Choice A rationale:

Nasal congestion and occasional epistaxis (nosebleeds) are common symptoms during pregnancy due to elevated levels of estrogen. Increased estrogen causes mucosal blood vessels to become engorged and more fragile, leading to nasal congestion and occasional nosebleeds. This is a normal respiratory change in pregnancy and not necessarily a cause for concern.

Choice B rationale:

While cardiovascular changes are common in pregnancy, nosebleeds alone are not indicative of abnormal cardiovascular changes unless they are accompanied by other symptoms. The given scenario does not provide enough information to support this choice.

Choice C rationale:

There is no evidence provided to suggest domestic violence (Choice C) as the cause of the woman's symptoms. Additionally, this choice lacks a physiological basis for the symptoms described.

Choice D rationale:

Intranasal cocaine use (Choice D) can indeed cause nasal congestion and frequent nosebleeds. However, the scenario does not provide any information to support this choice, and assuming drug use without evidence is not appropriate.