The nurse assessing a premature newborn infant auscultates a continuous machinery-like murmur.
This finding is associated with which congenital heart defect?

Pulmonary stenosis

Patent ductus arteriosus

Ventricular septal defect

Coarctation of the aorta

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

This is because a patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital heart defect that involves a defect in which the fetal shunt between the aorta and the pulmonary artery fails to close. This causes a continuous machinery-like murmur that can be heard on auscultation.

Choice A is wrong because pulmonary stenosis is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve or artery that obstructs blood flow to the lungs. It causes a systolic ejection murmur that is best heard at the upper left sternal border.

Choice C is wrong because the ventricular septal defect is a hole in the wall between the ventricles that allows blood to flow from the left to the right side of the heart. It causes a loud, harsh holosystolic murmur that is best heard at the left lower sternal border.

Choice D is wrong because coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta that reduces blood flow to the lower body. It causes a systolic murmur that radiates to the back and weak or absent femoral pulses.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

This test measures the amount of chloride in the sweat, which is abnormally high in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). CF is an inherited disorder that affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices.

Choice A is wrong because bronchoscopy is a procedure that allows the doctor to examine the airways and lungs, but it is not essential for diagnosing CF.

Choice B is wrong because serum calcium is a blood test that measures the level of calcium in the blood, which is not related to CF.

Choice C is wrong because urine creatinine is a test that measures the amount of creatinine in the urine, which reflects the kidney function, but it is not relevant to CF.

Normal ranges for sweat chloride test are:

Less than 40 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) for children and adults
Less than 30 mmol/L for infants younger than 6 months

A sweat chloride level of more than 60 mmol/L is considered positive for CF.

A. Pouring water from a squeeze bottle over the woman’s perineum. B. Placing oil of peppermint in a bedpan under the woman. C. Asking the physician to prescribe analgesics. D. Inserting a sterile catheter.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is because oil peppermint can stimulate the micturition reflex and help the woman to void.

Some possible explanations for the other choices are:

Choice A is wrong because pouring water over the perineum may not be enough to trigger the micturition reflex and may cause discomfort or infection.

Choice C is wrong because analgesics may not address the underlying cause of urinary retention and may have side effects such as drowsiness or nausea.

Choice D is wrong because inserting a sterile catheter is an invasive procedure that carries risks such as trauma, infection, or bladder spasms. It should be used only as a last resort after other methods have failed.

Normal ranges for postpartum bladder function are:

Urine output: 3000 to 5000 mL/day for the first 2 to 3 days after delivery.
Urine specific gravity: 1.005 to 1.030.
Urine pH: 4.6 to 8.0.

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The nurse assessing a premature newborn infant auscultates a continuous machinery-like murmur. This finding is associated with which congenital heart defect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is suspected in a toddler. Which test is essential in establishing this diagnosis?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Because a full bladder prevents the uterus from contracting normally, nurses intervene to help the woman empty her bladder spontaneously as soon as possible. If all else fails, the last thing the nurse could try is:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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The nurse assessing a premature newborn infant auscultates a continuous machinery-like murmur. This finding is associated with which congenital heart defect?

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The nurse assessing a premature newborn infant auscultates a continuous machinery-like murmur.
This finding is associated with which congenital heart defect?