A nurse is assessing a client at a dermatology clinic.
Which of the following findings places the client at risk for developing malignant melanoma?

Age 19 to 30 years.

Dark hair.

Female gender.

History of repeated sunburn.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

While individuals aged 19 to 30 years are generally at a lower risk for malignant melanoma compared to older adults, melanoma can still occur at any age, especially with certain risk factors. However, age alone does not significantly increase the risk of developing malignant melanoma without additional risk factors.

Choice B rationale

Hair color has minimal impact on the risk of developing malignant melanoma. Although individuals with fair skin and light hair have a higher risk of sunburn and subsequent melanoma, having dark hair does not significantly reduce the risk compared to other factors.

Choice C rationale

Female gender does not inherently increase the risk of developing malignant melanoma. Both males and females are at risk, although certain lifestyle factors and behaviors, such as sun exposure, can influence individual risk levels regardless of gender.

Choice D rationale

A history of repeated sunburn significantly increases the risk of developing malignant melanoma. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunburns causes DNA damage in skin cells, leading to mutations that can result in melanoma. Repeated sunburns exacerbate this risk, making it a critical factor in melanoma development.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Functional incontinence occurs when an individual cannot reach the bathroom in time due to physical or cognitive limitations. It is not related to stress or pressure on the bladder but rather to external factors that impede timely access to toileting facilities.

Choice B rationale

Reflex incontinence is characterized by involuntary loss of urine due to a lack of signal awareness or detrusor muscle overactivity. It is typically associated with neurological conditions such as spinal cord injuries or multiple sclerosis. This type of incontinence does not involve stress-related triggers like coughing or sneezing.

Choice C rationale

Stress incontinence involves the involuntary leakage of urine during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or physical exertion. This type of incontinence is commonly seen in women, particularly after childbirth or during menopause, due to weakened pelvic floor muscles or sphincter dysfunction.

Choice D rationale

Urge incontinence is characterized by a sudden and intense urge to urinate, often resulting in involuntary urine leakage before reaching the bathroom. It is typically caused by overactive bladder muscles or nerve signals and is not specifically triggered by actions like coughing or sneezing.

A. Elliptical chest configuration. B. Eupnea. C. Resonance. D. Inspiratory wheezing.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

An elliptical chest configuration is considered a normal shape for the thorax. This configuration allows for optimal lung expansion and function. Deviations from this shape, such as a barrel chest, might indicate underlying pulmonary conditions.

Choice B rationale

Eupnea refers to normal, unlabored breathing, which is an expected finding during a respiratory assessment. It indicates that the individual is not experiencing respiratory distress and that their respiratory rate, rhythm, and effort are within normal limits.

Choice C rationale

Resonance is a normal percussion sound heard over healthy lung tissue. It indicates that the underlying lung areas are filled with air, which is a positive sign of healthy lung function.

Choice D rationale

Inspiratory wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound during breathing, is typically indicative of narrowed or obstructed airways, often associated with conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and is not considered a normal finding.

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A nurse is assessing a client at a dermatology clinic.Which of the following findings places the client at risk for developing malignant melanoma?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is interviewing a client who states the presence of urinary incontinence with coughing and sneezing.The nurse would correctly document this type of incontinence as which of the following?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which of the following are considered normal findings for assessment of the respiratory system? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

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A nurse is assessing a client at a dermatology clinic.
Which of the following findings places the client at risk for developing malignant melanoma?