A nurse is assessing a patient with respiratory acidosis.
What symptoms should the nurse anticipate?

Choice A rationale:

Reflex incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence that occurs when the person has no control over urination. They’re unable to feel when their bladder is full and can’t control the process of emptying it. This is often due to a brain or spinal cord injury that disrupts communication between these organs. However, this condition does not necessarily indicate the need for catheterization in a client with paraplegia who is already on an intermittent urinary catheterization program.

Choice B rationale:

Urge incontinence, also known as overactive bladder, is characterized by a sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by an involuntary loss of urine. This condition can be caused by various factors, including neurological disorders, bladder abnormalities, and certain medications. While it can be a challenge for individuals with paraplegia, it does not directly indicate the need for catheterization.

Choice C rationale:

Nocturnal enuresis, or bedwetting, is involuntary urination while asleep. It’s a common condition, especially in young children, but it can affect individuals of any age. In the context of a client with paraplegia, nocturnal enuresis could be a symptom of a larger issue, such as a urinary tract infection or bladder dysfunction, but it does not directly indicate the need for catheterization. Choice D rationale:

Suprapubic discomfort or pain in the area above the pubic bone could be a sign of bladder distension, which is a common complication in individuals with spinal cord injuries. Bladder distension can occur when the bladder becomes overly full and can’t empty, causing discomfort or pain in the lower abdomen. This is a clear indication for the need to catheterize the client.

Choice A rationale:

The patient does not need to catheterize the stoma multiple times a day. An ileal conduit is a type of urostomy where a small piece of the intestine, called the ileum, is used to create a new passage for urine to leave the body. One end of the ileum is attached to the ureters, and the other end is attached to a small opening in the abdomen, known as a stoma. After the surgery, urine flows from the kidneys, through the ureters and ileal conduit, and out of the stoma. The patient will wear a urostomy pouching system over the stoma to catch and hold the urine. Therefore, the statement “I need to catheterize the stoma multiple times a day” suggests that further instruction is needed because it is not accurate.

Choice B rationale:

The statement “I will need to measure my stoma each week” does not necessarily suggest that further instruction is needed. It is important for patients with an ileal conduit to monitor their stoma regularly for any changes in size, shape, or color, which could indicate complications. However, the frequency of these checks can vary depending on the individual’s condition and the healthcare provider’s instructions.

Choice C rationale:

The statement “I will always have to wear a pouch” is accurate. After the surgery, the patient’s urine will flow from the kidneys, through the ureters and ileal conduit, and out of the stoma. The patient will need to wear a urostomy pouching system over the stoma to catch and hold the urine. Therefore, this statement does not suggest that further instruction is needed.

Choice D rationale:

The statement “I need to clean around the stoma with soap and water” is accurate. It is important for patients with an ileal conduit to keep the skin around the stoma clean to prevent infection and skin irritation. Therefore, this statement does not suggest that further instruction is needed.