A nurse is assessing a pediatric client who may have osteogenesis imperfecta. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply)
Loss of vision.
Bone tumors.
Limited mobility.
Muscular dystrophy.
Hearing difficulty.
Correct Answer : C,E
Choice A reason: Loss of vision is not a typical manifestation of osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic disorder affecting collagen, leading to fragile bones. While rare ocular complications like blue sclera occur, vision loss is not characteristic, as the condition primarily impacts skeletal and connective tissue integrity.
Choice B reason: Bone tumors are not associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. The condition causes brittle bones due to defective collagen, increasing fracture risk, but does not involve neoplastic growth. Tumors are linked to other conditions like osteosarcoma, not this connective tissue disorder.
Choice C reason: Limited mobility is common in osteogenesis imperfecta due to frequent fractures and bone deformities from defective collagen. Weak bones impair physical activity, leading to restricted movement, joint contractures, and potential wheelchair dependency, significantly affecting quality of life and physical function.
Choice D reason: Muscular dystrophy is a separate condition involving progressive muscle weakness, not osteogenesis imperfecta, which affects bone collagen. While muscle weakness may occur secondary to immobility from fractures, muscular dystrophy is not a direct manifestation of this skeletal disorder.
Choice E reason: Hearing difficulty is a known manifestation of osteogenesis imperfecta, particularly in older children, due to abnormal collagen in the middle ear bones. This can cause conductive hearing loss, as malformed ossicles impair sound transmission, a recognized complication of the condition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hyperglycemia is not typically associated with viral meningitis. It may occur in metabolic disorders or stress responses but is not a hallmark of meningitis, which primarily affects the central nervous system, causing inflammation, fever, and neurological symptoms rather than blood glucose alterations.
Choice B reason: Fever is a common sign of viral meningitis due to the body’s immune response to viral infection in the meninges. Inflammation triggers pyrogens, elevating body temperature. This systemic response is a key diagnostic indicator in infants, reflecting central nervous system irritation.
Choice C reason: Poor feeding occurs in viral meningitis as infants experience lethargy and irritability from meningeal inflammation. Neurological irritation disrupts normal feeding behaviors, and systemic illness reduces appetite, leading to inadequate intake, a common symptom in infants with central nervous system infections.
Choice D reason: Difficulty awakening is expected in viral meningitis due to meningeal inflammation causing lethargy and altered consciousness. The infection irritates brain structures, reducing arousal responses, making infants less responsive, a critical sign of neurological involvement requiring prompt medical attention.
Choice E reason: Stiff neck, or nuchal rigidity, results from meningeal inflammation in viral meningitis, causing pain and resistance during neck flexion. This occurs as inflamed meninges irritate surrounding nerves, a classic symptom in older children and infants, indicating central nervous system infection.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Diphtheria causes a thick throat membrane, not Koplik spots. It is a bacterial infection affecting the respiratory tract, leading to airway obstruction, but lacks the characteristic oral lesions seen in measles, making it an incorrect association with this clinical sign.
Choice B reason: Fifth disease, caused by parvovirus B19, presents with a slapped-cheek rash, not Koplik spots. It affects the skin and occasionally joints but does not involve mucosal lesions, distinguishing it from measles, which uniquely features these oral spots.
Choice C reason: Measles (rubeola) causes Koplik spots, small white lesions on the buccal mucosa, appearing before the rash. These spots result from viral replication in mucosal cells, a hallmark diagnostic sign of measles, aiding early identification of this highly contagious viral infection.
Choice D reason: Poliomyelitis, a viral infection, affects the nervous system, causing paralysis, not Koplik spots. It lacks mucosal involvement, focusing on motor neuron damage, making it unrelated to the oral lesions characteristic of measles, an entirely different viral pathology.
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