A nurse is assisting in the care for a client who is exhibiting a depressed mood one week before the start of their menstrual cycle. When collecting data, the nurse should identify that the client is exhibiting manifestations consistent with which of the following disorders?

A. Stimulants. Stimulant intoxication typically causes increased energy, agitation, tachycardia, and paranoia, but it does not usually induce hallucinations to the extent described. While severe stimulant use (e.g., methamphetamine or cocaine) can cause paranoia, the significant perceptual disturbances and visual hallucinations suggest a different category of drugs.
B. Opioids. Opioid intoxication generally leads to central nervous system depression, respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, and sedation rather than paranoia, hallucinations, and erratic behavior. The described symptoms do not align with opioid use.
C. Hallucinogens. Hallucinogen use, such as LSD or PCP, can cause altered perception, paranoia, visual hallucinations, and erratic behavior. The client’s symptoms—paranoia, visual disturbances, mumbling, and gesturing—are characteristic of hallucinogen intoxication, making this the most likely cause.
D. Anabolic steroids. Anabolic steroid use can lead to mood swings, aggression, and psychotic symptoms in some cases, but it does not typically cause acute hallucinations, paranoia, or perceptual disturbances. The symptoms described do not fit anabolic steroid use.

A. Neurotransmitters are chemical components that allow neurons to store energy for future use. Neurotransmitters do not store energy; they facilitate communication between neurons by transmitting signals across synapses. Their primary function is to modulate brain activity, not energy storage.
B. Neurotransmitters are activated by the enzyme transferase. Neurotransmitters are not activated by transferase. They are synthesized, stored in vesicles, and released into the synaptic cleft in response to an action potential, where they bind to receptors to elicit a response.
C. Neurotransmitters function by inhibiting the production of glucose. Neurotransmitters do not inhibit glucose production. They play a role in neuronal signaling, affecting mood, cognition, and physiological processes, but do not directly regulate glucose metabolism.
D. Neurotransmitters are found throughout the body. Neurotransmitters exist in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, regulating various functions such as mood, movement, and autonomic responses. They are essential for communication between neurons in the brain and throughout the body.