A nurse is caring for a client admitted with meningitis.
The student nurse asks, “I know that the client has a lot of edema in the brain, but what causes it?” Which of the following responses from the nurse best answers the student’s querry

Cerebral edema is caused by osmotic cerebral edema.

Cerebral edema is caused by whole body inflammation which affects the brain the most.

Cerebral edema is caused by cerebrospinal fluid flowing from the intraventricular space to the interstitial area of the brain.

Cerebral edema is caused by the by-products of the pathogen that causes the meningitis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale
Osmotic cerebral edema is a condition where water moves from the blood vessels into the brain due to changes in the concentration of particles in the blood. However, this is not the primary cause of cerebral edema in meningitis.
Choice B rationale

While inflammation can contribute to cerebral edema, it is not specific to the brain and does not affect the brain the most. In meningitis, the inflammation is primarily in the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain, and not the whole body.
Choice C rationale
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) does flow from the intraventricular space to the interstitial area of the brain, but this is a normal process and does not cause cerebral edema. In meningitis, the inflammation of the meninges can disrupt the normal flow and absorption of CSF, leading to an accumulation of fluid and increased intracranial pressure.
Choice D rationale
In meningitis, the inflammation and immune response to the infection can lead to an increase in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. This allows fluid and immune cells to enter the brain tissue, leading to cerebral edema. Additionally, the by-products of the pathogen that causes meningitis can directly damage the brain tissue and contribute to the edema.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for stroke. As people age, their risk of stroke increases. However, this is not something that can be changed or controlled.
Choice B rationale
Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder that can increase the risk of stroke, particularly in children. However, it is not a modifiable risk factor because it is determined by the person’s genes.
Choice C rationale
Having a parent with cardiovascular disease can increase a person’s risk of stroke. However, this is a non-modifiable risk factor because it is determined by genetics.
Choice D rationale
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major modifiable risk factor for stroke. It can be controlled through lifestyle changes and medication.

A. Brainstem ischemia B. Tachycardia C. Agonal breathing D. Chest pain

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Cushing’s Triad, which includes bradycardia (low heart rate), irregular respiration, and widened pulse pressure, is a nervous system response that could prevent brainstem ischemia. Brainstem ischemia is a condition where there is insufficient blood flow to the brainstem, which can lead to cell death.
Choice B rationale

While tachycardia (high heart rate) is a serious condition, it is not typically prevented by Cushing’s Triad.
Choice C rationale
Agonal breathing, which is characterized by gasping, labored breathing, particularly when lying flat, is not typically prevented by Cushing’s Triad.
Choice D rationale
Chest pain is not typically prevented by Cushing’s Triad. Cushing’s Triad is a response to increased intracranial pressure, not a cardiac condition.

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A nurse is caring for a client admitted with meningitis. The student nurse asks, “I know that the client has a lot of edema in the brain, but what causes it?” Which of the following responses from the nurse best answers the student’s querry

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A nurse is reviewing the electronic medical record of a middle-aged client who was admitted following a stroke. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a modifiable risk factor for stroke?

Correct Answer is D

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A nurse is gathering neurological data on a patient with a neurological injury and observes signs indicative of Cushing’s Triad. The nurse understands that Cushing’s Triad is a nervous system response that could prevent which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer is A

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A nurse is caring for a client admitted with meningitis.
The student nurse asks, “I know that the client has a lot of edema in the brain, but what causes it?” Which of the following responses from the nurse best answers the student’s querry